The Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage - 1370 Words

The Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage LP 3: Argumentative Essay Patty Waters NAU Composition II Sue Cochran, Instructor Sunday, March 24, 2013 Abstract This essay covers the pros and cons concerning gay marriage. You will discover some new laws and amendments that are about to happen in our country, and some things that people are against. There are many issues that will be covered from rights and benefits to getting married legally. You will read reports, stories and articles from lawyers, newspaper reporters and news reporters on the pros and cons of gay marriage. There will also be a list of states that have passed the gay marriage right law, what it entails and when it came into effect. There will also be statements from†¦show more content†¦An article by Christine Roberts of the New York Daily News states â€Å"Sex-specific epi-marks are usually erased from generation to generation but when they don’t they can be passed from father to daughter or mother to son, resulting in homosexuality in children.† One of the biggest things that I agree with is for equal rights, across the board, for gay couples . If you are in a same-sex relationship or marriage, you and your spouse/partner should have the same rights as traditional spouses. You should be able to be on your significant others insurance policy, life insurance policy, etc. In October, 2012, David Ariosto of CNN News reported from New York that â€Å"The 2nd US Circuit Court of Appeals is determined that the federal law violates the Constitution’s equal protection clause, ruling in favor of widow Edith Windsor, an 83 year old lesbian who sued the federal government for charging her more than $363,000.00 in estate taxes after being denied the benefit of spousal deductions. The court upheld a lower court’s decision in a 2-1 majority ruling and determined that American’s gay population â€Å"has suffered a history of discrimination† similar to that faced by women in years past.† A big change for gay rights is about to happen on Wednesday. In California, the Federal Defense of Marriage Act is to be heard in court. If this does not pass, it may lead to the end of Proposition 8, which would bring gay marriage to California. The two lawyersShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Gay Marriage1367 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitions of marriage. Some say the definition of marriage is between a man and a women, while others say its about two people no matter the sex that commit their lives together because they love each other. There are many different definitions of marriage and it all depends on simply whom you are talking to about it. In past generations many people thought the definition of marriage was just so that they can reproduce children. Debate Content: Cons: The institution of marriage has traditionallyRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Gay Marriage1019 Words   |  5 Pagessame-sex marriage. Is this a good thing? Homosexuality is illegal in many countries. Leaders punish their own citizens by jail, or even death, for being gay. In the United States, however, many states allow gay marriage. Some people approve of it, but also, some do not. Society also plays a big part in the gay marriage legalization process. Same-sex marriage is a major controversial issue in the United States; specific examples would be the views of Americans, pros and cons of same-sex marriage, andRead MoreGay Marriage: Pros and Cons1152 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage Is Not Equal For All Gay Marriages Mikaela Acosta â€Æ' Gay marriage has been subject to taboo because our society has this conformed and learned version of marriage; marriage is only held between a man and a woman. Although this is more common today to hear of gay couples, in the first couple centuries in America this was almost unacceptable to general society. Beginning in 2001 was when gay marriage began to become much more widespread starting in Canada, Norway, Belgium, ArgentinaRead MoreDid We Go Too Far?1383 Words   |  6 PagesWalker Did We Go Too Far? Same-sex marriage continues to be a very high debated issue in our society without a firm foundation to base our beliefs on, leaving most of us trying to find answers still. Now that the Supreme Court of the united states has rules that the constitution guarantees a right to same sex marriage’ What was known as â€Å"marriage†, the union of a man and a woman only, is starting to diverge. The Oxford Dictionary of English definition of marriage reads â€Å"the formal union of a man andRead MoreGod Hates Same Sex Marriage Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages Marriage is a precious gift given from the good lord up above. Marriage is a privilege that should be allowed to only a man and a woman. In the bible there are many scriptures that back up my opinion on marriage, and none of the scriptures say same sex marriage is okay. In this modern day and age people are altering the definition of marriage. People are trying to add between a man and a man or between a woma n and a woman. The importance of my topic is to keep the original definitionRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal966 Words   |  4 PagesGay marriage is one of the most debated and controversial issues in today’s society. Everyone has his or her opinions on gay marriage, whether it is acceptable or should not be allowed. According to The Washington post, â€Å"59 percent say they support same-sex marriage while 34 percent are opposed†(Craighil, P., Clement). While 59% of the supporting gay is a high number, however that number is skewed. There is a difference between tolerance and acceptance, but the 59% is the total of the both. PeopleRead MoreWhy Marriage Equality Is Not At All A Harm Society Or The World912 Words   |  4 Pagesin the world become more knowledgeable to that child. In my own life, the one issue that stuck with me is marriage equality. I believe everyone should have the right to marry whoever they feel their soul-mate is in the world. Even though some believe it is wrong, there are many reasons to prove marriage equality is not at all a harm to society or the world. To start, the definition of marriage (according to dictionary.com) is the state, condition, or relationship of being married; wedlock. No whereRead MoreEssay on Gay Marriage 1616 Words   |  7 Pages Gay marriage is a very talked about topic in are country that shouldn’t be ignored. I believe men and women should be able to love freely and not be shamed by it. Marriage is a great factor in the United States. To some people it’s what we live for; is to get married and start a family. To not give everyone the same opportunity to have a happy marriage and family is unlike us. This problem is bringing a lot of hate, the same hate that was used in racial discrimination so why not give gays equalRead MoreThe Debate On Homosexuality And Homosexuality1229 Words   |  5 Pagesis defined as, the sexual or romantic attraction to members of the same gender. A male who practices homosexuality is known as being gay. The word ‘gay’ did not originally have any connect ion to a sexual connotation. In fact, the word was originally express feelings of happiness or carefree attitude. It was not until the twentieth century that people used the term gay to indicate a sexual orientation. Opposite of males, female homosexuals are given the term lesbian, which is derived from the poemsRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1434 Words   |  6 PagesGay marriage has slowly become a significant factor amongst individuals of today’s society. On June 26, 2015, it was ruled out by the U.S. Supreme Court that gay marriage was now legal. The first thing that I thought was that â€Å"Wasn’t it already legal in the United States?† Well, apparently no it has not been legalized in the United States! (Dumb me.) The U.S. is known to be a nation of equality and gives everyone the freedom of the speech, but it is actually a nation full of racism, sexism, and homophobias

Pathological Liar Essay example - 1683 Words

We have all lied at some time or another in our life. As a child, we may have lied so we would not get in trouble. As adults, we may lie to avoid disagreements with someone, so we can maintain a healthy relationship with that person. We teach children that it is wrong to lie; however lying comes natural for us, and we all lie whenever it is convenient. These kinds of lies are ‘white lies’. They are harmless lies if mentioned with the right purpose. People lie to loved ones more than anyone else. It is easier to lie to a loved one more than anyone else, because telling the truth might be more painful than a lie. Some people are better liars than others. When a person becomes habituated with lying, it becomes a problem. When Lies†¦show more content†¦A pathological liar does not realize that he is telling lies. A pathological liar unintentionally lies and believes that he is telling the truth. Based on the C.C. Dike, M. Baranoski, and E.E.H. Griffithâ₠¬â„¢s study, Pathological lying revised, pathological lying can be considered diagnosis when the lying is â€Å"persistent, pervasive, disproportionate, and not motivated primarily by reward or other external factors.† is compulsive and impulsive by nature (the liar is unable to control the lying). Also, from a psychiatric point of view, behavior is abnormal based on the person’s ability to power over it, and not the behavior’s degree or purpose. A strong psychiatric morbidity indicator, but not necessary sufficient to establish a disorder, is when the behavior causes more harm than good and when it is supports an irrational reason. Therefore, pathological lying implies an apparent lack of control and â€Å"for pathological lying to exist the individual must lie despite himself, just as someone with and anxiety disorder cannot help feeling anxious.†(Grubin, Acad). A Pathological liar does not have to have a reason to lie. They will not feel guilty or care about what happens to people due to the lies that they have told. Pathological liars lie to control and get their own way. It is difficult to determine if the stories of a pathological liar are true or not becauseShow MoreRelatedA Interview On A Pathological Liar Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesseemed to be sophisticated and the envy of others. The first issue was noted when she was older by her schoolmates. Kristen was turning into a pathological liar. One of her friends stated she showed up to school wearing a shirt that another friend had reported missing. She adamantly denied that it was the same shirt (Montaldo, 2015). A pathological liar is defined as someone who tells small lies without a reason on an ongoing basis that usually occurs for years, and even a lifetime (Dike, 2008)Read MoreTypes of Liars767 Words   |  4 PagesTypes of Liars There is something that often troubles our society. It is worse than all kinds of cancers combined and as horrifying to see. It is hard to catch and is more common than the common cold. It is lying. Everyone at one point in their life has lied. Many lie to the most important people in their lives because they don’t want to create conflict between them, but it just ends up making a bigger mess than if they would have told the truth. Some lie to other people they hardly evenRead MoreBeh225 Week One Checkpoint Research Method765 Words   |  4 Pagespresented to the Psychologist explaining the rationale behind my choice. SCENARIO: A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses. APPENDIX B: Using the table below list each research method and its advantages and disadvantages for use in this study.Read MoreAnalysis Of Sexual Orientation In Giovannis Room1165 Words   |  5 Pages David’s pathological lying in relation to his sexual orientation. The contemporary American literary novel Giovanni’s Room was published in 1956 by the American writer James Baldwin. Baldwin is widely known as a controversial writer in the 20th century who challenged American beliefs on homosexuality during a time period where such behaviors were looked negatively upon. Baldwin himself identified as a gay African American. I feel as though Baldwin’s race and sexual orientation often reflected inRead MoreLie and Man Deciphers Truth Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesown reality, or what is true in my own head, I know was born in Connecticut and purposely contradict myself. Based upon Nietzsches essay, lying is when you are purposely going against your own personal truths, or what you believe to be true. The liar is a person who uses the valid designations, the words, inorder to make something which is unreal appear to be real. He says, for example, ‘I am rich, when the proper designation for his condistion would be ‘poor. He misuses fixed conventions byRead MoreFrom The Beginning Of The Play, I Had Guessed That The1514 Words   |  7 Pagesmust posses is the ability to create a lie or make up an imaginary situation like it is the truth or a pathological liar. A pathological liar is a person who can lie so well it seems like they are telling the truth, and they don’t care about what will happen as an outcome of their lie. â€Å"They have an inability to consider the consequences or even fear being found out. It’s as if the pathological liar believes they are smarter than everyone. (2)† In my opinion, Iago has grasped this sociopathic symptomRead MoreLiars: Lie and Convenience Liar Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesLiars Classification Liars are people who give false information; people who stray away from the truth. From a young age, most people are told that lying is a dishonest action. But as people grow older, lying becomes a â€Å"get out jail free card.† Some people lie because they think they have to – and some people lie because they want too. Because there are so many categories of liars, could one say that all liars are not wrong? Before you form an opinion, listen to the facts. The convenienceRead MoreDifferent Types of Lying1731 Words   |  7 Pagesacquire them is by lying. Usually this type of lying is harder to excuse than other types of lying. Greed drives people to lie and to be more creative in their lies. In serious lies, the falsehood is usually told to cover up the reward or benefit the liar got by breaking a rule or explicit expectation. Also, sometimes people lie to keep their privacy. E. Lying to Avoid Punishment: Lying to avoid punishment is the most common form lying, at least in early childhood (Lewis Saarni, 1993). People lieRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Hannah Arendt 1641 Words   |  7 Pagess motive of personal advancement and him being thoughtless about the fact that his motive caused many people to be killed. To further support my argument of Eichmann being fully responsible for his crimes, I also believe that Eichmann was a Pathological liar. The reason I came to this assumption was when Primo Levi stated in his book The Drowned and The Saved. He described how S.S. officers, including Eichmann, used the excuse of not being responsible for their crimes because they state that theyRead MoreKazuo Ishiguros Never Let Me Go1039 Words   |  5 Pagesevokes. Ruth has many of the qualities of a pathological liar. She lies repeatedly, making fantastical lies about plots on guardian’s lives, deferrals and so on. In fact, all her tyranny, manipulation, and betrayal hinges her lies and deceit. Even her relationship with Tommy after they break up the first time is because she lied to Kathy about her feelings. Pathological liars also â€Å"can’t always tell truth from falsehood and contradict themselves† (â€Å"‘Liars’ Brains Wired Differently†). However, in

Role of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period Free Essays

This memorandum serves three purposes: (1) declares the chosen person for the heart transplantation; (2) outlines the decision process; (3) evaluates possible outcomes of the made decision. Among the three qualifying candidates who were in need of the transplant, the person that was chosen to go through the process of heart transplant is Lisa; a 12- year-old female who has suffered from health issues all throughout her life. Lisa has suffered from various viral infections and a lupus-like immune deficiency which cost her entire childhood. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, her heart was damaged due to pneumonia which add her heart stop for a brief period of time. Even though her chances of surviving in her ass are not guaranteed, Lisa deserves a few more years added to her life to at least experience and see the beauty of the world. During the process of decision-making, two ethics-based processes were used for comparison purposes and analysis in order to thoroughly determine the recipient of the heart. In applying a Utilitarian ends-based ethics theory, the decision to choose Lisa was based on John Stuart Mill’s concept of the Greatest Happiness Principle which seeks happiness as the only desired outcome; neglecting all the rules and reminisces (Ruggeri, 2011). Lisa should receive the new heart because she is the only person who suffered most throughout her life. Jerry, one of the candidates, had at least lived 50 years which enabled him to build his own family; while Oozy had at least lived for 30 years. Although both candidates mentioned also deserve the heart, Lisa deserves the new heart most because she will help inspire other children her age that there is hope if you Just believe in the goodness of the world and people. Another ethics-based theory that contributed to the decision of choosing Lisa is SST. Augustine theory about the ‘power of evil and sin. ‘ In his greatest spiritual autobiography, he detailed his sufferings and struggles with his own human nature (Ruggeri, 2011). However, he used his compelling personal experiences of sin to impact everybody through teaching the lesson of struggle and virtue through religious faith. In analyzing the situation, Lisa is somewhat like SST. Augustine in a way that they have both struggled in life. If Lisa would be given the chance to live, she would have the chance to prove something to herself that she can accomplish something in her life. No one is too young to make a difference in this world. This heart transplant may not guarantee Alias’s survival in her ass. However, the few years that will be added to her life will Just be enough for her to experience how to live a normal life Just like any other children in her age. There is so much innocence and youth in her that seeing her life be taken away would have been too much to bear for anyone to think. Hence, by applying all the ethics-based theory mentioned in this memorandum, the decision to choose Lisa as the recipient of the heart transplant was made, and further transplant process should be deployed immediately in order to save a young girl’s life. This decision will be immediately communicated to the higher administration of the hospital as well as to the parents of Lisa immediately in order to confirm their approval and agreement regarding the decision made. Given that there is an immediate need for Lisa to receive the new heart, as the Lead Surgeon of the BBC Medical Center, the process of the heart transplantation for Lisa should begin as soon as possible. How to cite Role of Women in the Paleolithic and Modern Period, Papers

Only the Heart free essay sample

Only the Heart is a dramatic, exciting, thought-provoking novel co-authored by Brian Caswell and David Phu An Chiem. Told by multiple narrators, Only the Heart is the journey of a family through hope and despair, war and peace, in search of a dream. The novel opens in 1986 in Sydney Australia, where the Vo family welcomes the arrival of Grandma. The picture then immediately flashes back to the 1970’s when the Vietnam Was has just ended. The Vo family escapes from their hometown on fishing boats that smuggled them through the security of the Communist government. The encounter with the Thai pirates cost the family Mai, mother to Linh and Phuong, sister to Minh. As they arrive illegally on the shores of Malaysia, the family is sent to Pulau Bisa where a refugee camp stood in the middle of the ocean. Then by fate or by will-power, the family is given the chance to come to Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Only the Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then the time shifts back to 1986 where Toan begins his acting career, while him and Linh both run into trouble with the Triple K, the notorious gang on the streets of Australia. The story is set mainly in Vietnam and Australia. It also follows a chronological order showing a journey through time, during that time the family migrates from Rach Gia, a port city in the south of Vietnam to Sydney in Australia. The authors chose Vietnam and Australia to be the stage of their novel because David Phu An Chiem himself was a refugee from Vietnam, traveling with his family to Australia to escape the aftermath of the Vietnam War as well as escaping from the Communist government forming. Therefore this novel is also in a sense a semi-autobiography of David Phu An Chiem. Though most actions are placed in chronological order, quite a lot of flashbacks and flash-forwards were used. This is for the effect of mirroring and reflecting the past and the present, creating contrast and illustrating similarities between events. The character of Toan is rather a replica of David Phu An Chiem himself. Toan is bonded with luck right from his birth, â€Å"I was marked for good fortune, that Quan Yin had smiled on me†, he inherits his grandmother’s link with Quan Yin, the Buddhist goddess. Toan was only six years old when the family left Vietnam for a better life elsewhere. His talent and his personality of not giving up helped him on his personal journey to success. For example, when he first joined school in Australia, he knew no English at all, and was called stupid by a girl in his class. But this became Toan’s motivation to learn English as quickly as possible, because he did not want to be called stupid again. It is this belief in self that led to his later success as an actor. Linh was the younger daughter of Mai, she inherited her mother’s strong and stubborn personality. When her mother was taken away by the pirates she did not cry but instead shut herself off from the outside world. Fortunately, her involvement with her uncle’s family has changed her though still stubborn in some way bit was improving. After being sent to the refugee camp on Pulau Bisa, the family waited to be taken by another country. When the ambassador of Australia came to Pulau Bisa and called out the names of the Vo family, despair took over the joy of hope that was supposed to be there, because Hoa was away with Phuong in Janganoon on the mainland, and the Ambassador needed to see the whole family to be present to do the paper-works. The family was in despair because no one knew when the next time an official would come to accept them into their country if ever. This is when Minh decided not to wait for fate to help them and took the matter into his own hands. He brought the whole family on a trip to the Ambassador in Kula Lumpur, one even he was unsure of. When the ambassador accepted the family into his office, Minh told the anecdote of his father’s survival and how only will power can help and fate does nothing. But fate of will power, the family was given the opportunity to come to Australia. This incident shows one the main themes of the novel: will-power versus belief in fate, with Minh and his father representing will-power and Toan and Grandma representing the belief in fate. The main theme of the novel is that of the self-development and growth during journeys. All the characters has grown and achieved during their course of journey; Phuong overcame the loss of her mother and became stronger as she stood up for her family when they needed her. After the accident, which left Linh paraplegic, Linh learns that life can still be as interesting as it used to be and recognizes that her loss is minor compared to those suffered by others, such as Thanh’s ten years in jail after the War. The novel Only the Heart is a great story that provoked thoughts about one’s own journeys and developments as one is following that of Toan’s and Linh’s. The novel has successfully conveyed its message about journeys to the readers.

The Content and Influencer Marketing Overlap How to Use Both Together and to Your Advantage

The Content and Influencer Marketing Overlap: How to Use Both Together and to Your Advantage Having an influencer marketing strategy and a content marketing plan are not opposites, yet the two options are often pitted against one another. This conflict truly boils down to resource allocation. Most businesses have a finite amount of money to spend on marketing campaigns. For every dollar you spend on content marketing, you have to take one away from influencer marketing and vice versa. CortezTextbroker Marketing and CommunicationsWhile there are many different marketing strategies that can be effective, two of the most compelling are content marketing and influencer marketing. Ideally, both strategies can work together, complement one another and contribute to a comprehensive marketing approach. Unfortunately, the two strategies are often considered opposing tactics. The best results appear when marketers are able to utilize elements of both strategies and combine the best of content marketing and influencer marketing in their campaigns. The Benefits of Combining Content Mar keting and Influencer Strategies Whether you run your own business, youre a marketing professional or youre a social media manager, youll be familiar with a wide range of marketing strategies. Its no secret that content marketing is king, and using content is one of the most effective ways to increase an audience organically. At the same time, influencer marketing is rapidly picking up steam as a means of connecting with an audience via an influencer that audience already knows and trusts.Choosing one strategy doesnt mean that you have to abandon the other. In fact, youll likely receive the best results by combining the two. Content marketing and influencer marketing can achieve many of the same goals, and they even overlap in several key ways. What Are the Benefits of Content Marketing? Content marketing is a type of inbound marketing. Essentially, it moves away from the traditional forms of in-your-face advertising and seeks to inform and add value to the lives of users naturally. By creating and distributing more content, youll be able to appear as a leader within your industry. You can also be more active on social media because you always have something to share and something to contribute to the conversation.Content marketing is beneficial because it increases your web traffic as well. While you might have some direct traffic online, content marketing can bring in a new audience of users who are searching for related information. After typing what trees to plant in South Carolina?, a user might find your content and click on it. If you have a greenhouse and nursery in Columbia, South Carolina, then youve just established a great connection with a potential client. With this approach, interested users find you, rather than the other way around. What Are the Benefits of Influencer Marketing? Another common marketing strategy is known as influencer marketing. This approach uses influencers, or leaders within certain niche areas, to promote a brand, product or idea. On a macro scale, celebrities like Kylie Jenner and makeup artist Huda Kattan make hundreds of thousands of dollars in a single Instagram post. However, not all influencers are paid so much, and many have significantly smaller audiences.The benefits of influencer marketing include having a non-business voice to speak about your brand. If there is an influencer in your city who is active on social media, they could promote your brand to a local audience. Often, influencers have a much larger audience on social media than your business brand, so you can increase brand awareness with a single post. If you choose an influencer who is trusted by your desired audience, it can also encourage more sales, conversions or follows for you in the future. The Conflict Between Content Marketing and Influencer Strategies Having an influencer marketing strategy and a content marketing plan are not opposites, yet the two options are often pitted against one another. This conflict truly boils down to resource allocation. Most businesses have a finite amount of money to spend on marketing campaigns. For every dollar you spend on content marketing, you have to take one away from influencer marketing and vice versa.It is important to note that you dont have to allocate your budget to one approach or the other. You can divide your resources as they are needed in order to create a strategy that includes both influencer marketing and content marketing. The two strategies are not conflicting, and there is no reason why any business should be forced to choose between the two. Is One Approach Truly Better Than the Other? In a word, no. It would be a mistake to say categorically that one strategy is always better than the other. However, in some cases one strategy could definitely be preferable. For example, a B2B corporation will probably benefit from content marketing more than influencer marketing. On the other hand, a youthful clothing brand might see greater results from in fluencer marketing.In the vast majority of cases, however, a combination of strategies will work best. An influencer can amplify your content, but your content showcases that youre a reputable, proven brand. When both strategies are employed, your business will have a stronger strategy. Exploring the Overlap Between Content Marketing and Influencer Marketing So far, content marketing and influencer marketing have been classified as two different strategies. In reality, there is a lot more overlap than most businesses expect. To start, both strategies will rely on content. Even with an influencer marketing strategy, your chosen influencer wont necessarily have total control over the message. You can contribute ideas or include keywords and phrases that represent the voice and feel of your brand. An influencer might recommend existing content or be inspired by it when sharing your message.Both strategies can also give you a boost on social media platforms. Sharing your existing conten t boosts views and clicks, but so can links from influencers. Similarly, both strategies require you to refine your brand image. If you are a tractor manufacturer, you need to create content that meets that image and find influencers that are seen by your desired audience. This is largely introspective, but it can be incredibly helpful as brands develop their voice through increased marketing. Developing Your Own Influencer and Content Marketing Strategy Once youve decided to embrace both an influencer and a content marketing strategy, it is time to get started and explore the details. Typically, it is recommended that businesses create stand-alone strategies and then combine them cohesively into one overarching marketing approach. Creating a Content Marketing Strategy The first step in the process of creating a strategy for content marketing is defining your goals. Once you have defined your goals, you can begin to put together a calendar featuring the types of content that will ma ke the biggest impact with your audience.Often, business owners say they dont know what kind of content their audiences want to see. If thats the case for you, then take a look at your inbox. What are potential customers asking questions about? What are their biggest pain points? What is the most common reason for a customer to be unhappy with your product or service? All of these common questions can spark content ideas. At the same time, look at the content of your closest competitors. You may be able to identify what is working for them as well as what mistakes you might want to avoid for your own content marketing plan.Finally, you can decide who will create your content, how frequently you will create content and how you will distribute content. You may opt to write three blog posts a week, and you could then share those blog posts on Facebook as well as through an email marketing campaign. Creating an Influencer Marketing Strategy Next, youll want to create an influencer strat egy. Although it might feel intuitive to start by looking for influencers, a better plan is to outline your goals. Some possible goals for your influencer strategy might include the following:†¢ Increased followers on Facebook or Instagram †¢ Greater brand recognition †¢ Link building back to your primary website †¢ Increased traffic to a specific page or blog post †¢ Potential leads and increased salesOnce you have defined your goals, you can start to explore the various influencers that could be a good fit for your strategy. Your budget will play a big role in this decision. Some influencers are paid large sums of cash in exchange for a sponsored post, a shout out or an endorsement. However, you can also pay smaller influencers with free products. You can also offer affiliate codes so that when every one of their audience members makes a purchase, the influencer earns a small profit. This creates an incentive for them to promote your brand further. You wil l also need to determine whether your influencer will have creative control over the message or whether you need the final say. Developing a Combined and Cohesive Marketing Strategy The key word to remember when combining your influencer and content marketing strategies is amplification. The ideal influencer strategy will amplify your content strategy, and your content strategy will amplify your influencer strategy. To capitalize on brand recognition and increased traffic thanks to an influencer, for example, make sure youre staying active on social media. Youll probably see increased engagement during an influencer campaign.At the same time, make sure your website is functioning well and that you have your content plan up and running. Ensure that new visitors and subscribers have easy access to updated, relevant and timely content.You can also have your content refer back to an influencer. Dont be afraid to mention your influencer in your content or share their videos, posts and ph otos. This is yet another way to capitalize on the relationship you have with the influencer, and it lends credibility to your brand for new users who are very familiar with the influencer but not your company.There is significant overlap between an influencer marketing strategy and a strategy for content marketing. Businesses need not choose one over the other. In fact, the best and most comprehensive approach usually involves elements of both strategies. Content can amplify influencer campaigns, and a relationship with an influencer can boost your content. The two approaches dont conflict with one another, and they can enhance your marketing strategy in a number of beneficial ways.

The Major Events and Breakthroughs of the Nineteen Seventies

The Major Events and Breakthroughs of the Nineteen Seventies Free Online Research Papers The nineteen seventies was a decade that experienced economic crisis, political struggle, feminism, and a rise of subcultures such as the hippies. These events reflected the rising power of baby boomers, which are babies who were born during the post WWII years, who have become adults and made up the majority of the population. Because of this, the decade became a reflection of baby boomers’ power that set the latest trends and influenced every aspect of the society. During the nineteen seventies, there were many events that took place. One major event that took place in 1973 was the oil crisis. It was caused by Arab members of OPEC (organization of the petroleum exporting countries) who announced that they would no longer ship petroleum to the United States and its allies in West Europe and that the price of oil would increase drastically. Because the U.S was now dependent on oil and the prices quadrupled the need for rations, our country went into a recession and suffered massive inflation. (People History par.1) This was a very stressful time for our country because the cost of living had highly increased in such a short amount of time. It was also a reason for prices increasing as much as they have in the present day. Not only did the oil crisis occur, but 1973 was also the year the United States withdrew from the Vietnam War. This was an important time for our country because it had been almost ten years that we had troops in Vietnam and ev eryone was eager to finally have peace again. Another significant factor of the nineteen seventies was the growth of feminism. Women gained the right to choose when, where, and if they wanted to have children. They gained this right through the famous case of Roe versus Wade, which centered around legalizing abortion (Drucker 77). Women also expanded their involvement in politics and even surpassed men in college enrollment in 1979 (American par.1). Because of this, not only did women become more independent, but this change in society led to higher divorce rates, causing some to go into poverty. So, it is easy to see that feminism in the nineteen seventies had both positive and negative effects on people’s lives. Included in the category of events are also scandals. Many people might remember, or know about, the Watergate scandal involving President Nixon. He and some of his supporters were part of a campaign that tried to tarnish the reputation of the Democratic Party, which included breaking in to the Watergate Hotel and tampering with official files. Of course, he tried to cover it up when it was discovered, but tapes were found of some of his â€Å"private† conversations with people involved and were ordered to be released. In mid-1974, he ended up resigning before he was impeached. (Watergate par.9-14) This is a good example of corruption in politics and how people will sometimes do anything to keep their power. I think that this event had a lasting effect on all the presidents after him and raised the standards for loyalty and honesty to the people. Finally, in the nineteen seventies was the beginning of a digital revolution. Companies now found ways to use technology which caused a drastic growth in smaller, powerful, and cheaper products such as calculators and televisions (People History par.2). Because of integrated circuits invented in the nineteen sixties and the invention of the home computer, companies were able to also invent products such as the first video game system, the Atari. Air travel also began booming due to the use of jumbo jets. (People History par.3) This became very useful because it helped to transport people overseas much faster and in larger quantities. Other inventions in the seventies include the following: floppy disks, barcodes, E-mail, genetic engineering, ink jet and laser printers, microprocessors, and MRI scanners. These inventions have been very useful to us in the twenty first century. Some are not used as much anymore, such as the floppy disk and the Atari, but they have served as the founda tion of newer, modern technology. Through many examples shown, I believe that I have proved that the nineteen seventies was a decade that was full of many significant and long lasting major events. It was also a time when many scientific, medical, and technological breakthroughs occurred. From oil crisis to wars to scandals to feminism, the seventies have proved to be an important part of history for our country, and with the baby boomers leading us through this time, the United States has prospered and grown ever since then. American Cultural History 1970-1979. 1999. Kingwood College Library. 25 February 2009. http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html. Drucker, Dan. â€Å"Abortion Rights for Women: Roe v. Wade.† The 1970s. ed. Mark Ray Schmidt. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000. Milan Bobek ed.Decades of the 20th Century:1970s. 9 vols. Prescott: Eldorado Inc. 2005. The People History: 1970s. 2008. The People History. 25 February 2009. thepeoplehistory.com/1970s.html. The Watergate Files. 1998. Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum. 24 February 2009. fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/index.html. Research Papers on The Major Events and Breakthroughs of the Nineteen SeventiesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

AMERICAN POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

AMERICAN POLITICS - Essay Example These Justices are nominated by the President, and then the nomination is approved by the Senate. The length of their usual term is as long as they live, under the condition of good behavior. This could mean holding the position for life, wherein they leave office only when they die, choose to retire, resign, or be ousted or impeached by the people. The proposed change in the judicial system poses that the president appoints the justices, and the Senate confirms if the appointment is OK. But the federal judges will only be given a term of ten years, not like of today wherein they can stay as long as they want, unless they die, retire, resign or get impeached. But these judges are also eligible for re-appointment and undergo the same process. The biggest thing that will be changed is the length of time a Justice could be in position. A justice is allowed to be in position for as long as he wishes, provided that he is in good condition of behavior. But with this proposition, it will be changed to only up to ten years, even though he could still be reappointed. This is a big change in the judicial system of the United States, because it has been like this way for many decades already. Even the court is renamed depending on whose term it is, like for example Burger Court, if a certain Justice Burger is on the position of chief justice. Why is this change important? The length of time a justice stays in court is very essential in managing cases. Through this way, we could assure of his competency. Changing justices every ten years is like an evaluation of his performance. If during his term, he did well, it is very likely that he will be reappointed. If he didn’t, well it’s very likely that there will be a new set of Justices waiting for appointment (Becker). The lifelong stay of the federal judges in good condition of behavior has caught attention recently though it has been rarely or not thoroughly discussed way back. Before,

Human Growth and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Growth and Development - Essay Example In addition, the summary describes the development of the infant’s senses, trends of sleep, weight, and height increase patterns. The summary to chapter six highlights the development of cognition in infants and factors that affect the infant’s cognitive processes. In addition, under cognitive development, the paper describes the development of language. Finally, the paper summarizes chapter seven of the book that deals with psychosocial development. Under this section, a description of infant emotions is available. Development Processes in Infants In her book The Developing Person through the Lifespan, Berger describes the main changes that take place in an individual’s life, especially during infancy. Each of the chapters in the book reveals the growth processes in different aspects. This paper will highlight the man ideas brought out in chapters 5, 6, and 7. These chapters discuss the different levels of growth that occur in infants in the first two years of t heir life. Infant is a Latin-derived word that refers to any child who does not speak. During infancy, multiple growth processes take place rapidly. Chapter 5 of the book describes the biosocial development of infants. At birth, babies are only 3 kilograms and 20 inches. In the first five months of the baby’s life, the weight doubles. ... As long as the infant receives sufficient nutrition, the body and brain keep growing. Percentile ranks used by clinicians help track the baby’s growth in comparison to the norm (Berger, 2011). Sleep is a crucial aspect of infants with newborns requiring about seventeen hours a day. As they grow, they take up family sleep patterns. A great percentage of infants at one year manage to sleep the entire night. Factors such as diet, birth order, brain maturation, and child rearing practices affect sleeping cycles. On the other hand, infant’s brain reaches 75% of its potential mature weight. Neuron development takes place vigorously in some parts of the brain especially those dealing with vision, smell, language, and emotional processing. Different parts of the cortex advance in growth taking up different responsibilities. Studies reveal that multiple neural dendrites emerge in infancy. In addition, pruning helps the brain function faster. The rate at which the brain develops depends on experiences surrounding the infant (Berger, 2011). Formation of new neurons implies healthy growth. Abuse and neglect slow the formation of neurons and may hinder brain development. The chapter also highlights the functioning of senses in infants. The five senses (vision, taste, touch, hearing, and smell) exhibit function since birth. However, hearing is the sharpest sense at birth while a binocular capability of the eyes in infants is achieved in 14 weeks. With time, infants acquire motor skills. The chapter highlights the cephalocaudal and proximal-distal nature of growth. Growth begins with the head downwards and extends from the torso’s center to the arms and legs. An infant’s motor skills develop slowly with muscle movements advancing from one to the other.

Section 5 paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Section 5 paraphrase - Essay Example According to the t-test, there was no gender impact on the attendance when the transport was provided (.123). The relevance of the test given comfortable seats was slightly relevant when comparing the mean of men and women on a 5-point scale, which was 3.03 and 3.47 respectively. As illustrated in the presented data, most of the female participants neither agreed nor disagreed, but there were a few answers in the slightly agree category. Notably, the mens answers for the same were; neither agreed nor disagree for the whole test. It is essential to note that the description for the question of the likelihood of attending the game based on the schedule was similar for men and women. In response, the women’s mean answer had a score of 3.65 which translate to a neither agree nor disagree with a few elements of slightly agree. On the contrary, men had a score of 2.91 which interpret into a slightly disagree with a few elements of neither agree nor disagree. The chart illustrates SPSS the values of the possibility of respondent attending a SCSU softball game as influenced by three factors: availability of transportation to and from the games, knowing the game schedule, and the availability of comfortable seats. Evaluation of the potential differences in the likelihood of attending a softball match at the Husky Dome based on four variables events during the game breaks, awareness of the schedule, promotional giveaways, and availability of concessions, in relation to student status. As shown in Chart 5.1, the Levenes test for the possibility to attend a game at the Husky Dome based on student status was irrelevant for the four variables. Specifically, the variables for this experiment were awareness of the game, promotional giveaways, concession stands, and events during breaks in the game. Using the t-test, we identified the significance of student status and the prospect to attend the game for each of the four variables. In relation to the

Supply Chain Management Of Nescafe Marketing Essay

Supply Chain Management Of Nescafe Marketing Essay This report comprehensively discusses the distribution channel network which is used by Nestle to sell its Nescafe coffee brand in the market. The report discusses upon various channel partners involved in this process and the roles played by each channel partner in the whole distribution process. The report also discusses about how the smooth functioning of the distribution channel is ensured and who are designated with this task. Report also discusses about marketing and promotional techniques used by Nescafe, their pricing strategy. The report further discusses about physical distribution management, inventory management, storing and warehousing, transportation. Distribution costs involved, payment terms and debtor control, flow of information related to inventory, sales and payments have also been discussed. We have also focused on how communication flow takes place in between channel partners, how conflict management takes place in between the channel members. We have also focused on various aspects of demand and supply management strategies which are adopted within Nescafe. INTRODUCTION About Nestle India: Nestle is one the leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness company. It was founded in 1866 by Henri Nestle in Vevey, Switzerland, where its headquarters are still located. The company employs 2,80,000 employees and have factories and operations in almost every country in the world. Nestle sales for 2009 were CHF 108 bn. Nestle India was set up in 1961 at Moga (Punjab) was followed soon after by its second plant, set up at Choladi (Tamil Nadu), in 1967. Consequently, Nestlà © India set up factories in Nanjangud (Karnataka), in 1989, and Samalkha (Haryana), in 1993. This was succeeded by the commissioning of two more factories at Ponda and Bicholim, Goa, in 1995 and 1997 respectively. The seventh factory was set up at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, in 2006. The 8th Factory was set up at Tahliwal, Himachal Pradesh, in 2012. The 4 branch offices in the country help facilitate the sales and marketing of its products. They are in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The Nestlà © India head office is located in Gurgaon, Haryana. About Nescafe: Nescafe is a brand of instant coffee made by Nestle. Nescafe coffee comes in many different forms, flavors and sizes. After eight years into development, the coffee powder was first introduced on April 1st, 1938 in Switzerland. In the  United States, the Nescafe name was used on its products until the 1960s. Later, Nestlà © introduced a new brand in the US called Tasters Choice, which supplanted Nescafe for many years. Tasters Choice was also introduced into Canada at the same time, and continues to be sold as a separate product, branded as superior to Nescafe, and is higher priced. CHANNEL PARTICIPANTS AND CHANNEL STRUCTURE OF NESCAFE Channel Partners There are various channel partners involved in the distribution of Nescafe. Nestle has 8 factories in India. From these factories, Nescafe coffee passes on through several channel partners: DC (Distribution Centers): Nestlà ©s distribution centers are specialized buildings, with refrigeration and air conditioning where many Nestle products along with Nescafe are stored for distribution other channel members. It is one of the most basic parts of the order processing and fulfillment process. It can be said that these distribution centers are company owned warehouse. It is important to note that distribution centers can be of many types such: Retail Distribution Center- distributes goods to retail store Order Fulfillment Center distributes goods directly to consumers Cross-Dock facility doesnt not stock the products but distributes to other destinations Super Stockiest The Company keeps their stock with super stockiest to pass it on next channel members like wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Usually there is a separate super stockiest for every district. Wholesalers: They buy in bulk. The company usually provides them discounts on the bulk purchases. Wholesalers help the company break the bulk quantities by further selling the product to retailers in small quantities. Retailers: Retailers sell the coffee directly to consumers through retail shops. These retail shops can be traditional Kirana stores (also known as General Trade) or Supermarkets and Hypermarkets ( known as Modern Trade). E.g. Spar Hypermarket. Here it is important to note that because of the bulk purchases done by hypermarkets, the company may sell its product directly to such channel member engaged in modern trade, thereby reducing number of level of channel distribution and costs. NESTLE primarily uses two types of product channel distribution structures in order to deliver the NESCAFE COFFEE products from manufacturer to consumers. The channel structures are as follows: A B Consumers Retailer (Modern Trade) DC (Distribution Center) Consumers Retailer (General Trade) Wholesaler Cash Distributor (Super Stockiest) Manufacturer DC (Distribution Center) Manufacturer In the above diagram above, we can see that Nestle uses two kinds of channel structure to distribute Nescafe coffee to the consumers, depending on the area of operations and available resources in that area. In the structure A, we can see that from the factories, the product does to the distribution center (DC) where it is stocked for further distribution. From DC to product moves to super stockiest, who further supply it to wholesalers? From wholesalers the product moves to retailers. In structure A, these are traditional retailers having Kirana or traditional stores. Such structure is more successful in unorganized market. Nescafe coffee is then sold to end consumers through such stores, where it is put to display. In structure B, the coffee moves directly to retailers from distribution centers. From retailers the product is then sold to consumers. This structure is more successful in modern trade where retailers sell the products through supermarkets and hypermarkets in an organized retail market. Eg. Big Bazaar, Spar Hypermarket, Reliance Fresh etc. Packaging Nestles Nescafe Coffee is packaged in sealed airtight containers made out of glass/plastic and even in sealed bags of varying size and quantities which are further enclosed in cardboard boxes. However glass is the preferred choice of packaging material as according to Nestle, it is a natural material composed mainly of sand. To make their packages aesthetically appealing, the company prefers glass as any shape and size can be give to it. Further, glass packaging is tamper resistant, inert, non-porous and impermeable to chemical interactions. It also protects from degradation of the coffee by moisture and oxygen. The coffee is sold in varying quantities varying from small sachets of a few grams to pack sizes of 1Kg. http://www.designbridge.com/media/23501/nescafe_original_copycat_Carousel.jpghttp://mams.rmit.edu.au/eprcok6x99ck.jpghttp://www.yowazzup.com/coffee/images/nescafe-canned-drinks-special-edition.jpg Logistics For the logistics and transportation purposes, the companys distribution centers maintain their own fleet of commercial vehicles. Due to nature and scale of its operations, Nestlà ©s own fleet of transport vehicles helps it reduce third party costs, delays and conflicts arising out of it. However, super stockiest use third party logistics support in order to further pass on the product to the next channel partner. A third party logistics provider helps much part of the operations such as transportation, distribution and warehousing. Marketing/Promotion For marketing its Nescafe coffee brand, Nestle uses 360 degree promotional activities like heavy advertisements on Television, newspapers, internet and social media, public relation activities, vending machines in colleges, offices, departmental stores and many places such places which have high foot fall. Nestle is known to spend almost 40% of the marketing budget allotted to promote Nescafe brand on Television advertisement by roping in well known Celebrities to promote their coffee. Regular advertisements are carried out in leading national and local newspapers, magazines, to promote the existing Nescafe products, or whenever a new flavor of Nescafe coffee is launched. These advertisement focuses on the supposed superiority and uniqueness of Nescafe coffee over other brands. CHANNEL CONFLICT MANAGMENT Sales officer, Brand manager and Nutritional officers are involved in managing the channel structure. They visit the market and channel distribution partners from time to time to weed out any conflicts, and at large, to make sure the smooth functioning of the channel. Sales officer ensure that the projected sales figures are being met through various partners. He assigns territories, quotas and monitors the members of his sales team. Sales manager directly acts upon the sales figures and quotas set my executive level. Any conflicts in channel structure will generally cause disruption in sales. Sales manager will therefore interact with various channel partners on a regular basis to diagnose and resolve any conflicts as quickly as possible. Nescafes brand managers are engaged to ensure successful implementation of the promotional and marketing activities as per the objectives of the management. They analyze the sales figures, prices and guide advertising campaigns. Nescafes brand managers even contact retailers directly to promote their coffee brand. Nutritional officers meet the doctors and inform them about the products of Nestle. The conduct seminars for doctors and arrange symposiums. They ensure recommendation of Nutrition Range by Health Care Professionals through Ethical Detailing, Scientific meetings and conferences in accordance with Head Office guidelines. Nutrition officers also monitor and track any recent development in the field of Nutrition and serve as a reliable source of information. Nutritional officers are also act as a reliable source of market intelligence in their respective territories. They are usually aware of stock levels, its freshness, prices of own and competitor products. Thus using their knowledge of the market dynamics, they also help in the functioning of the distribution channel structure for Nescafe. PRICING STRATEGY Pricing is one of the four elements of the marketing mix, along with product, place and promotion. Pricing strategy is important for companies who wish to achieve success by finding the price point where they can maximize sales and profits. Companies may use a variety of pricing strategies, depending on their own unique marketing goals and objectives. Nescafe basically uses three types of pricing strategy. They are as follows Comparative pricing General way of pricing Economic pricing Comparative pricing: For formulating pricing strategy the company uses comparative pricing which is dependent on return on investments put in by the company, future growth opportunities in the market and potential expansion options. Various types of costs are also taken into consideration when formulating a pricing strategy, like distribution costs, advertisement expenses and margin on the product. General Method: what they actually used to do is they already fixes the rate of discount on a certain amount of good, like if u will purchase 10 packets of Nescafe we will give you five percent discount on the overall cost associated in buying that 10 packets Nescafe, however these rules are flexible, and actually varies from product to product, because at last the main motto is to sell the product as well as customer satisfaction. Economy Pricing: Economy pricing is a familiar pricing strategy for organizations Companies like nestle which takes a very basic, low-cost approach to marketingnothing fancy, just the bare minimum to keep prices low and attract a specific segment of the market that is very price sensitive. Physical Distribution Management Who is responsible for designing and setting up channel? There are various authorities who are responsible for designing and setting up channel. The authorities are sales head, head of field operation, marketing head, area head and sales officer. How the ware housing is managed? Is there a CF agent? The warehouse varies from product to product in Nescafe. Any distributer who wants to take the authority of warehousing the product has to satisfy certain protocols which are assigned by Nestle. Like if anyone want to take warehousing they should have own their own building. That building is called as product zone which consists of wooden racks as well as refrigerated section for storage of products. Yes, there is a CF agent in the whole process of delivering the product from manufacturer to consumer in Nescafe. Like they have RD (Regional distributor) who used to distribute the products on the small scale over a certain region of a particular city. Logistics and its cost? Logistics means having the right thing at right place at right time in a right cost also. Logistics covers three sections. Inventory management Storage and ware housing Transportation 1. Inventory Management Nescafe uses the SAP (system application and products) software, inventory management software (highly confidential) the distributer, the branch manager, the area manager, the branch head, sales officer, CEO, BOD are connected with the link .Everybody have a separate user name and password, so that anybody at any instance of time can get all the information like the total number of sales within a particular region, total inventory within the particular region, the total number of goods that are under process. This software also helps in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of cons umer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. 2. Storage and Warehousing: The warehouse varies from product to product in Nescafe. Any distributer who wants to take the authority of warehousing the product has to satisfy certain protocols which are assigned by Nestle. Like if anyone want to take warehousing they should have own their own building. That building is called as product zone which consists of wooden racks as well as refrigerated section for storage of products. http://www.pioneervending.co.uk/userimages/013-2.jpghttp://hyperspaceportfolio.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/nescafe-led-animated-poster-2.jpg 3. Transportation For transportation in Nescafe the distributer basically has their own vehicles while the super stockiest generally hire the third party logistics which taking care of transfer of goods. As an example the Nescafe in UK had hired Aceme 3p logistics services for 5 years in order to serve their product. http://www.ermewa.de/catalogue/img_bandeau/12-ermewa-nescafe.jpg Distribution cost The distribution cost of Nescafe varies with respect to the intermediaries. The company itself has to bear the distribution cost in transferring the product from manufacturer to distribution centre as well as to cash distributer. From cash distributer to wholesaler, the cash distributer has to pay the distribution cost. When product moves from wholesaler to retailer the wholesaler has to bear the distribution cost similarly in next lever the retailer has to bear the distribution cost. Payment terms and Debater control In Nescafe there is no hard and fast rule but basically they adopt three strategies for payment terms and debater control. In the first strategy when the company is giving their product to distributer/customer they have to sign a cheque that agrees to pay the money within certain days (max 10 days). While in second strategy one has to make the payments within 6 to 15 days, if its needed then they can extend the policy. In third strategy the customer can take the product by paying 5% on the spot by agreeing that they will pay the balance after selling the products. But company used this strategy very rarely. The payment term basically depends on certain factors like regularity of the customers, also the amount of quantity they are taking, past record of the customer. Communication/Information flow Inventory Data Nescafe uses the SAP(system application and products) software, inventory management software(highly confidential) the distributer, the branch manager, the area manager, the branch head, sales officer, CEO, BOD are connected with the link . Everybody have a separate user name and password, so that anybody at any instance of time can get all the informations like the total number of sales within a particular region, total inventory within the particular region, the total number of goods that are under process. This software also helps in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of cons umer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. Sales Data Sales data basically comprises of order placement, total number of sales for a particular product in particular region, what are the quantities that sold in particular region in previous times, billing order, profit for particular product or overall profit. Since we have discussed that Nescafe uses the inventory control software, in that software one block is there with the name reports. In that block one sub block is there with the name sales. By visiting that sub block we can gather all the information about sales. Payment Data It basically comprise of mode of payments like credit, cash, invoice. Same as like we gathered the sales data there is a sub block named payment options in which we will get all the information regarding the total payment for a particular region, total due, total canceled payment for particular region or overall. Critical Analysis Supply Chain Management: Supply chain management  (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected  businesses  involved in the provision of  product and  Service packages required by the end customers in a  supply chain. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of  raw materials work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Order Fulfilling Time The most important feature of Nescafe is that they have a very fast order fulfilling time. The average day for a particular product to be delivered from the day of order is 1-2 day. Nescafe can deliver the product on the same day in which they had got the order or on the very next day, and this variation basically depends on the transportation. Minimum Order Quantity There is no specific limitation for the minimum order quantity at Nescafe, but like others they love to take the bulk quantity order and serve them up to its best. Payment/Outstanding At Nescafe the period of payment basically depends on various factors. some of the factors like from what time you are associated with the company, you are a regular customer or a visiting type of customer, what is your total requirement, if you are an old customer then they might check your previous record in order to check that whether you are paying the payments on time or not. Generally the average payment time ranges from 6-15 days. DEMAND MANAGEMENT Nescafe uses the SAP(system application and products) software in order to keep track of current status of the products, condition of product, shortage, excess, total number of specific product etc. in Nescafe basically what they used to do is they first see the total number of sales for a particular item in last 4-5 month, and on the basis of that data they predict the future sales for the upcoming 5month and then they on an average used to stock the product in advance so that it can suffice the requirement of consumer at any instance of time. And due to this reason the product shortage chances becomes so less approximately zero. Speed of processing for complaint regarding supplies Nescafe trying to keep their trust trough all aspect of their services. Even in the case of sale if they are getting any complaint they will try to resolve it on the very same day they got that particular complaint or they will solve it within coming 24 hrs. CONCLUSION After scrapping up and intense analysis of data we reach out with important informations regarding the supply chain management of Nescafe. Our information clearly reveals that Nescafes supply chain management has both positive and negative faces. The positive aspects are like it has a very strong brand name backup of Nestle. Nescafes products are diversified in various flavors. They are making their products by keeping in mind that the products should be of nutritious values. Nescafe has a very great research and development team. In FMCG sector Nescafe is the only one company using software (highly confidential) for inventory management. They have a very strong strategy for conflict management. They are very fast in delivering products as well as taking suitable action on complaints regarding supplies. The customer can opt best payment option from companies payment terms and conditions. If we are pointing out the negatives then we can say Nescafe has no that much grip in rural areas. They are following price point portfolio system. Company always tries to emphasis the products science side than food side. RECOMANDATION It will be better for company if they reduce the price of products according to the areas they are serving. Also if they can extend the business for rural areas it will increase their profit.

Revelation Essay -- essays research papers

The creation of the earth and all that is within the earth is mysterious yet miraculous at the same time. Although there are probably hundreds of different accounts, they all seem to be different while almost identical in text. I will be comparing and contrasting between account one and account two in the book of Genesis. In the beginning, according to Genesis in the bible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the two creation accounts God is portrayed in two different ways. In the first account God is portrayed as an ultimate or Supreme Being that creates the world by fiat, which are divine spoken words. An example of this is found in Genesis 1:3, which says; â€Å"Then God said, â€Å"let there be light†; and there was light.† This is the fiat command that creates light in the first account of creation and demonstrates the supreme power of God. In the second Genesis account God is portrayed as a much more mortal being, a concept called anthropomorphism. In Genesis 2:7 God creates man, but it wasn’t done through fiat. It says, â€Å"Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being.† This account of God creating man is much different from the first account because God is physlically- taking part in creating man instead of using powers by way of fiat. Another instance that portrays God as more humanlike is found in Genesis 2:8 where it says God â€Å"planted† the garden in Eden. The use of the word â€Å"plan...

Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Essay

Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According the World Health Organizations and Centers for Disease Control and prevention in United States, approximately one –third of adults are considered obese. This has raised the no of intramuscular injections with approximate rate of 16 billion per year. Despite complex skills in administering, IM injections into deltoid muscle for administering the vaccine is best considered. IM injections is injection in which the needle pierces the muscle at least by 5mm, Zayback (2007).This has raised a great concern to the health sector whether the standard needle of 25-38 mm used, is able to deposit the medication to the muscle of obese individual. For the last six years, this has pushed researchers to address the issue of IM needle length in obesity. Further, the research based its findings reached conclusion 1.5 inches needle is the best as opposed to 1-inch needle. Further, it was discovered that there is no commonly accepted method if IM injection for a person with high BMI (Plotkin, 2008). Implication on leadership and management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The procedure for administering the vaccine by use of IM injections in obese individuals has not been an easy go to the leadership and management of health care in United States. With increased number of patients, the cases of incapability of vaccine causing a reaction(reactogenicity),wrong vaccine injection techniques and incorrect needle length used for IM injection in obese individuals has been of major concern. According to World Health Organization, the concerns have been associated to patient’s discomforts and increased cases of risks. It is therefore imperative to the leadership of medical-surgical nurses find an appropriate solution to the above raised concerns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also according to WHO (2009), administration of IM injection has for long been a complex challenge .Perhaps it has been found that the nurses when giving IM injections, use techniques that are little more ritualistic procedure but based on tradition ,which is passed from one nurse to another, generation to another. It is in great concern it has been addressed to the management and the leadership .This is because the skills not only requires dexterity in manipulating needle and syringe, but also knowledge in deciding the appropriate needle, syringe type and appropriate location of the injection ( Coco man & Murray 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following this, timely reaction from management and leadership of health care in U.S is of great essence. This is because wrong IM injection technique and incorrect needle length can result to complications such, as are muscle fibrosis, abscess, gangrene, nerve injury and contracture. On the other side, unsafe injection technique may result in many of infections, such as HIV (6-8) and hepatitis B and C. According to Cocoman & Murray (2008), Detroid IM injection has resulted to permanent disability and in some cases to legal actions due to inappropriate injection techniques. In additional, this has problems to health care management in imparting proper knowledge to its nurses despite continued iatrogenic complications. Implications of issues for nursing practice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based from the questions, concerns, statistics and issues raised, there has been increased awareness to the nurses’ and other health care professionals carry out the appropriate techniques of intramuscular injections, appropriate vaccine and identification of appropriate needle length for injection in obese patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following the effects of injecting vaccine into the subcutaneous tissue, complications such as granulomas and abscesses, injecting the vaccine into the deltoid muscle was more recommended .Further (Walters & Furyk, 2010) describes that although Obese patients still receive the injections into subcutaneous tissue there are more harm. This is because there is slower rate of absorption and medication efficiency can be compromised, resulting to vaccine failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In determining the correct needle length, for the past six years the research based on issues of intramuscular needle –length in obesity begun. A research by Zaybak and colleagues (2007) was conducted to measure SCT in ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal sites to determine the optimum injections. In determining the optimum injection for IM injections, Weight was the key factor to the research whereby the BMI for extremely obese was greater than 35, for obese 30-30.5 and for overweight the BIM ranged 25 -29.9 in adults. Following the research, 16mm long needle in adolescents less than 60kg is recommended. It is acceptable for those adults weighing 60-70 kg when using flattened technique or bunch. However, it was agreed 1.5 inches needle to use as standard in Detroid IM injection of vaccine in obese patients. To the question of common method of Detroid IM injection, it was discovered that there is no commonly accepted method of IM injectio n for a person with high BMI. Strengthening of nursing practice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From above review, there are many discrepancies in the practice of IM administration. There is because there is no standard method of detroid IM injection and needle length as. This has further created gaps in nursing education as well as the nursing practice (Cook, 2006).There is therefore need to apply the above currently evidence –based research guideline to harmonize the practice and the nursing education in United states. References Cook, I.F., Williamson, M., & Pond, D. (2006).Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid injection in elderlyadults: An ultrasonographic study.Voccine, 24(7), 937-940. Cocoman, A., & Murray, J. (2008). Intramuscularinjections: A review of bestpractice for mental liealtii nurses.Journalof Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing,/ 5(5), 424-434. Zaybak.A., Gà ¼nes,Y.,Tamsel, S., Khorshid, L, &Eser, I. (2007). Does obesity prevent theneedle from reaching muscle in intramuscular injections? journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 58(6), 552-556 Plotkin, S., Orenstein, W, & Offit, P (2008).Vaccines (5* ed.). Philadelphia: SaundersElsevier. Source document

Test Tube Thunderstorm Chemistry Demonstration

Test Tube Thunderstorm Chemistry Demonstration You can react chemicals to produce what looks like a thunderstorm in a test tube. This is a spectacular chemistry demonstration that is suitable for chemistry class or lab. Safety You must be careful with this demonstration and keep any students away from the setup. It involves corrosive acid, flammable alcohol or acetone, and a slight chance of glassware shattering as a result of the vigorous chemical reaction. The test tube thunderstorm demonstration should only be performed by qualified individuals, wearing full protective gear and using proper safety precautions. Materials 95% alcohol (any type) or acetonesulfuric acidpotassium permanganateglass pipettetest tube Perform the Demonstration Wear gloves, a face shield, and protective clothing. Pour some alcohol or acetone into a test tube.Use a glass pipette to introduce a layer of sulfuric acid below the alcohol or acetone. Avoid any mixing of the two liquids, since the demonstration wont work if too much mixing occurs. Do not handle the test tube beyond this point.Drop a few crystals of potassium permanganate into the test tube.Turn out the lights. The sulfuric acid and the permanganate react to form manganese heptoxide, which explodes when it comes into contact with the alcohol or acetone. The reaction looks a bit like a thunderstorm in a test tube.When the demonstration is concluded, inactivate the reaction by using metal tongs to place the test tube into a large container of water. Be very careful! There is a chance the test tube could shatter.

Influence of Changes in Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports

Influence of Changes in Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports Introduction The exchange rate refers to the â€Å"rate at which one nation’s currency can be exchanged for that of another† (Beardshaw 45). There are two types of exchange rates namely; the fixed exchange rate and the floating exchange rate. Under the floating exchange rate, the demand and supply forces determine the rate at which the currency of a country is exchanged with that of another country. The government usually determines the rate at which its currency can be exchanged with a foreign currency in the case of a fixed exchange rate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Changes in Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The factors that cause changes in exchange rate include â€Å"inflation, balance of trade and the real interest rate† (Beardshaw 46). The changes in exchange rate have both positive and negative impacts on economic activities. It partic ularly influences the level of import and export in a country. This paper will focus on the impact of changes in exchange rate on imports and exports in an international business. Impacts on Exports and Imports Prices of Commodities Changes in the exchange rate can result into either an increase or a decrease in the prices of imports and exports. In the context of exports, an appreciation of the local currency will result into an increase in the prices of the exports in the international market. This is because when the currency of the exporting country becomes stronger than that of the importing country, traders in the later purchase the currency of the former at a high rate in order to pay for the goods (Case and Fair 67). This means that the traders will be spending more on the goods even if their actual prices have not been increased. Thus an appreciation of the domestic currency will make the business’s products to be more expensive in the foreign market. However, a depr eciation of the domestic currency will make the exports cheaper (Lipsey and Hurbury 23). This is due to the fact that the customers will purchase the local currency at a low rate in order to pay for the products. An appreciation of the domestic currency will make the imported goods to be cheap. This is because the business will purchase the currency of the country from which the goods have been imported at a low rate (Thurbecke 113). This means that importers will spend less money to import the goods and this translates into low prices. On the other hand, a depreciation of the domestic currency will force the business to purchase the foreign currency at a high rate. Thus it will spend more in importing the goods and this translates into higher prices (Kwack 61). Demand and Supply The demand for the export products will be high if the domestic currency depreciates. This is due to the fact that the customers in the export market will spend less to import the goods and this translates into low prices. The low prices will increase the demand and supply of the export products (Mallick and Marques 770).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the demand for the export products will reduce if the local currency appreciates. This is due to the fact that such appreciation will translate into high prices as customers spend more in importing the goods. This leads to low demand and supply of the export products. The demand for imports will be low if the domestic currency becomes weak (Amor 113). This is because the business will spend more to import the goods as the cost of purchasing the foreign currency in order to pay for the goods increases. This leads to high prices and this translates into low demand and supply. However, the demand for imports will be high if the local currency appreciates since the favorable exchange rate will lower the costs of importing the goods. Marketing The marketing of both imports and exports is directly influenced by changes in the exchange rate. It particularly influences the marketing mix and segmentation process in regard to the exports and imports (Blinder and Baumol 134). A depreciation of the domestic currency results into high demand for the export products. Thus the business will focus on increasing distribution and identifying new segments in order to increase sales. However, an appreciation of domestic currency lowers the demand for the export products. Thus the focus of marketing will shift to promotion and segmentation. Promotional activities will be emphasized in order to increase sales. Besides, only products whose demands are not price elastic will be distributed. As the demand for the imports increases due to the appreciation of the domestic currency, the marketing team will focus on increasing distribution and identifying new segments in order to increase sales (Ito, Isard and Bayo umi 23). However, as the demand for the imports reduces due to the depreciation of the domestic currency, the marketing team will focus on promotion and selective distribution in order to increase the sales of the imported goods. Sources of the Imports Changes in exchange rate will influence the diversification of the sources of import goods. In order to avoid the risks associated with fluctuations in exchange rate, businesses usually diversify their sources of import goods. This means that they import the same product from different countries. They will always import from countries whose currencies are depreciating or are weaker as compared to that of their country (Thorbecke 509). This enables them to take advantage of the low cost of purchasing the foreign currency in order to pay for the imports. This leads to low prices and high demand for the products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Changes in Exchange Rate on Imports and Exports specifi cally for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currency Selection and Payment Contracts Since countries use different currencies, an export and import business must decide its preferred currency for accepting payments or making payments. As discussed above, the fluctuations in the exchange rate has a direct impact on prices and demand for both imports and exports. Thus in order to avoid or to reduce the risks associated with exchange rate flactuations, international businesses always focus on sharing such risks with their partners (Blinder and Baumol 79). This has always been done by choosing a currency that is relatively stable. The selected currency must be accepted by both the exporter and the importer. For example, the US dollar is commonly used in international trade due to its stability. Thus changes in exchange rate determines the currency for paying for the imports and exports. Returns on Exports and Imports The changes in exchange rate have a direct imp act on the profits that accrue from both import and export trade. A depreciation of the local currency will increase the demand for the export goods. This leads to high sales and an increase in profit margins (Case and Fair 75). However, an appreciation of the local currency leads to a reduction in sales and profit margins as the products become more expensive in the export market. In the case of imports, an appreciation of the local currency leads to high demand and this translates into high sales and profits. However, the depreciation of the local currency will negatively affect sales as prices increase due to the high cost of purchasing foreign currency in order to pay for the imports. As the sales reduce, the profits also reduce. Product Development A stable exchange rate will enable the business to sustain the desired level of revenue. This is because the demand and supply as well as sales will not be adversely affected by the fluctuations in exchange rate as discussed above. T hus the company will be able to obtain the funds that are needed for research and development in order to produce the goods and services that meet the expectations of the customers. However, fluctuations in the exchange rate undermine the financial performance of an import and export business (Kwack 62). This forces international companies to direct a high percentage of their revenue towards the implementation of strategies that enables them to survive the negative effects of exchange rate fluctuations. Such strategies include sales campaign and sharing the costs of importation or exportation with the customers. Consequently, very little funds are allocated for research and development and this undermines the process of product development.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The above discussion shows that the exchange rate has a great influence on import and export businesses. The businesses gain when the exchange rate is favorable as discussed above. However, they lose when the exchange rate is unfavorable. The undesired effects of changes in exchange rate on exports and imports include increase in prices and reduction in demand and profit margins (Case and Fair 58). Changes in the exchange rate can also lead to a reduction in prices and an increase in demand and profits. Thus it is upon the business owners to understand the dynamics of the exchange rate in the market in order to avoid the risks associated with exchange rate fluctuations. Amor, Thouraya. Financial integration and real exchange rate volatility. International Journal of Business and Management 3 (2007): 112-115. Beardshaw, John. Economics. New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2001. Print. Blinder, Alan and William Baumol. Economics: principles and policy. New York: Cengage, 2009. P rint. Case, Karl and Ray Fair. Principles of economics. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Ito, Takatoshi, Peter Isard and Tumim Bayoumi. Exchange rate movements and their impact on trade and investment . Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 1996. Print. Kwack, Sung. Exchange rate and monetory regime options for regional cooperation. Journal of the Japanese and International Economics 16 (2008): 503-517. Lipsey, Richard and Colin Hurbury. First principles of economics . London: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. Mallick, Suschanta and Helena Marques. Passthrough of exchange rate and tariffs into prices of India. Review of International Economics 16 (2008): 765-782. Thorbecke, Willem. Global imbalances, triangular trading patterns and the yen/dollar exchange rate. Journal of the Japanese and International Economics 22 (2008): 503-517. Thurbecke, Willem. Investigating the effects of exchange rate chnages on Chinas processed exports. Journal of Japanese and International E conomics 10 (2010): 101-126.

Westfarmers Curragh Pty Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Westfarmers Curragh Pty Ltd - Assignment Example Curragh falls under the category of largest independent producer of coal mines and Curragh mission is to deliver and create sustained, outstanding growth for shareholders value and return by way of delivering quality products to the customers as per their requirements. The key mining products of Curragh includes hard coking coal, steam coal and PCI coal (Curragh, 2011). Advantage for Curragh to enter the Chinese coal market would be since China is the second largest importer of coal and it imports mostly from Australia and Indonesia making room for Curragh to enter China and export coal reserve. Several factors have contributed to China’s sudden entrance in the coal import sector such as environmental as well as safety consideration, transportation bottleneck, and economic factors along with concerns with respect to depleting coal reserve. Based on the above several factors it would wise to export coal to china Analysis of external environment External environment includes industry factor and the general environmental factors and starts with an analysis of the political factors, economic, social, technological factors, environmental and legal factors which are also referred to as PESTEL analysis. Thus if Westfarmers Curragh l wants to entry China it should analyze the external environment of China through PESTEL. ... Safety with coal production has been significant focus for the Chinese government and as result deaths per million tons of coal produced has decreased by 85% in between 2000 and 2009 (World Coal Association, 2011). China has been suffering from imbalance transportation which means coal needs to be transported through long distance through roads, railways and water bodies. Thus from the perspective of the Chinese government import of coal has been encouraged and can be regarded as a way to ease the deteriorating bottleneck of transportation in China. Curragh coal can benefit through this policy as it will get assistance from the Chinese government to export coal in China which in return will enhance the brand name and value of Westfarmers, it can avail to all the rights and regulation and enter the Chinese market. Economical Coal imports in China accounts for more than half of the global production and contributes to the economy of China. Over the years China has become the second lar gest coal reserve globally next to US. China is the largest energy consumer and the economy which has grown at an average rate of 10% is the key driver in consumption of energy both in China and also on international grounds. China GDP grew to 7.8% as estimated in the first half of 2012 (EIA, 2012). China is said to be the biggest producer of coal for the past 2000 years and is the third largest coal reserves with 114billion tones and in any economic environment would make it to the top coal producer. In an environment of rapid growth of economy, China production of coal has grown up drastically and in between 2000 and 2010 the coal production has tripled (World Coal Association, 2011). Exporting Curragh Coal in China will also boost

Gas Pipeline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gas Pipeline - Essay Example The ability of suppliers to supply gas have been drastically reduced resulted in a shift in the supply curve to the left as can be seen on graph 2 below. This resulted in the equilibrium point moving left from E1 to a new point E2 on the graph on the intersection point of the supply and demand curves . Another fact that can be derived from the above graph is that a small shift in the supply of gas will result in a larger shift in price. The reason for this is that gas is not a luxury but a essential product for most people and businesses, and this is indicated on the graph by a much steeper demand curve than normal, meaning the demand curve for gas is less elastic. Even so a increase in price will result in a marginal decrease in demand as people restrict driving for essential reasons only, such as going to work to conserve gas. It would not have resulted in a shift of the demand curve as there was nothing really forcing a increase or decrease in the demand for gas, except the increase in price. Additionally the drop in gas supply and the resulting increase in price would also have effected many other market contributors. The distribution of products onto the market is done by a transport system, and a large part of this system is fueled by gas, such as trucks and delivery vans. The suppliers of these products would have paid more to be able to distribute their products to shops and malls, so the price of these commodities would have also gone up, negatively influencing their demand. The above can be seen as the behavior of a open market influenced by buyers and sellers naturally driving the market towards a equilibrium. When prices are above the equilibrium point and there is a surplus of goods, it will cause market prices to fall (Mankiw, Gregory, 2004). In the above case study we had a price below the equilibrium point as there was a decrease in supply, causing market prices to rise. Cited Page 1. Pump Price Graphs. ArizonaGasPrices.com. 2003 - 2006. Accessed 29 March 2006. www.ArizonaGasPrices.com/retail_price_chart.aspx 2. Arizona Gas Prices. Gas Price Comparisons. Accessed 29 March 2006 http://www.arizonagasprices.com/ 3. Mankiw, Gregory. Principles of Economics.

Linguistics - How far can the PROCESS of 1st language acquisition be Essay

Linguistics - How far can the PROCESS of 1st language acquisition be taken as a model for the acquisition of a 2nd language What are the implications for the 2nd language teacher - Essay Example Thus, language is â€Å"so uniquely human, distinguishes us so clearly from other animals, that our species might be more appropriately named homo loquens than homo sapiens† (Widdowson, 1996: 4), especially so that language is innate in man. With man’s birth is the natural tendency to acquire and master a language as he/she grows, making language essential to man’s existence as it is his/her most effective means to communicate, build relationships, and form societies. With man’s experiences, beliefs, feelings, etc. expressed in the complex system of symbols, language defines man; the language man speaks in return speaks for the speaker him/herself. Hence, â€Å"when we study human language, we are approaching what some might call the ‘human essence’, the distinctive qualities of mind that are, so far as we know, unique to man† (Chomsky, cited in Fromkin & Rodman, 1998: 3). In fact, the study of language has been historically centred on the study of the nature of the human mind and thinking, as it has long been believed that being distinct to man, â€Å"languages are the best mirror of the human mind† (Leibnitz, cited in Chomsky, 1986: 1). In this context, the study of language becomes not only important but fascinating, too, as it deals with one of the most mysterious endowments of man that a plethora of research studies and theories abound, yet until now, more and more questions are left unresolved. One area in language study that attracts further inquiry is language acquisition. As Leonard Bloomfield (1933: 29), said: â€Å"the acquisition of language is doubtless the greatest intellectual feat anyone of us is ever required to perform†. If the acquisition of first language in early childhood raises many questions, the acquisition of second language by older children and adults raises more questions, especially in relation to FLA. Thus, the study on language acquisition generally focuses on these two interests: First is the

Emotions & Brody Essay Example for Free

Emotions Brody Essay Brody (2001) defines â€Å"emotions as motivational systems with physiological, behavioral, experiential, and cognitive components† (p. 15). The author adds that â€Å"emotions have a positive or negative valence and also vary in intensity or arousal levels, from mild to strong† (p. 15). Emotional expression indicates outward manifestation on an individual’s face, while emotional experience is a state of feeling that only the individual knows it (Brody, 2001). Emotional expression may either play a role as a self-communicative function or may reflect the behavioral and physiological arousal together with the emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Expression of feelings may help an individual to determine the characteristic of an emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Factors that influence facial expression rely on the individual who expresses the emotion, the individual who perceives the emotion, the message expressed in each channel, and previous experience (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). Facial feedback pertains to patterned proprioceptive feedback coming from the muscle activity in the face or from integrated expressions in the face (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). According to Ekman and Sullivan (1991), the facial feedback hypothesis is an important determining factor of the experience of emotion. The authors add that the facial feedback hypothesis contends that an individual can utilize information from his or her own facial behavior to figure out what he or she feels. The facial feedback hypothesis also claims that the expression of emotion causes autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral alterations that initiate the experience of the emotion (Brody, 2001). Facial expressions are being utilized by individuals as clues as to what emotions they are experiencing or in making judgments concerning their attitudes (Brody, 2001). A positive facial expression show more positive reactions such as understanding instead of anger, than those individuals who are showing angry facial expressions (Brody, 2001). Emotional experience happens when unforeseen changes in personally significant goals are realized (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). The situation that surrounds an emotion starts when a precipitating event happens and warns an individual to some type of alterations in a personally significant goal (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). An emotional episode is defined as a â€Å"sequence of events that includes the precipitating event; appraisals of the change in the status of a goal; the physiological and neurophysiological reactions that occur in relation to the change; the emotional reaction itself; and subsequent appraisal, planning, and behavior sequences carried out to cope with the impact of the goal change† (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008, p. 575). An emotional response of an individual should continue to be expressed or experienced if new meaning is realized from discovering a repeated event in order for the event to be connected to new information not previously accessed (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). Appraisal theory contends that emotions rely on understanding the adaptational relevance or personal significance of a situation (Parkinson, 2001). Appraisal is influenced by several factors such as perceptual, sensory-motor, and cognitive processes (Parkinson, 2001). Furthermore, appraisal processes are believed to happen between input and output in a cognitive system of an individual (Parkinson, 2001). They are influenced by an ongoing dialogue, in which interpersonally distributed cognition was used to achieve emotional conclusions (Parkinson, 2001). When an individual describes his or her experience based on a given emotion, he or she has a tendency to manifest distinctive patterns of appraisal corresponding to the given emotion (Parkinson, 2001). This means that an individual’s everyday emotional representations are linked with relatively consistent attributes of appraisal profiles (Parkinson, 2001). References Brody, L. (2001). Gender, emotion, and the family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ekman, P. O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Facial expression: Methods, means, and moues. In R. S. Feldman B. Rime (Eds. ), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 163-199). Cambridge University Press. Parkinson, B. (2001). Putting appraisal in context. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, T. Johnstone (Eds. ), In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 173-186). USA: Oxford University Press. Stein, N. L. , Hernandez, M. W. , Trabasso, T. (2008). In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, L. F. Barrett (Eds. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. 574-586). United Kingdom: Guilford Press.