Differences Between Adn and Bsn Nurses Essay

Nursing Philosophy is the same no matter what degree of nursing that you have obtained. According to the American Nurses Association the definition of nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. (ANA). So no matter what degree Associates or Bachelors all nurses have the same goal when taking care of patients. Associate degree programs, begun in 1952, opened the nursing profession to a more diverse population than had existed with diploma and baccalaureate education. (Friberg). It opened it up to individuals that could not attend a four year college or a diploma program due to financial or location issues. This is how many nurses of today have obtained their Registered Nurses’ license. Today Associate Degree (ADN) programs are the major point of entry into nursing; as reflected by a recent survey of nursing programs and graduates, AD programs prepared more graduates than did the combined baccalaureate and diploma programs. (Friberg). As it states in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education, for many students, the RN to BSN Program represents the next stage in professional development after many years of clinical practice. (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education). Associate Degree Nurses’ have many reasons to further their education; some are for personal gain, professional mobility to be able to advance to a management or teaching position.There are few different ways to bridge from associate to bachelor degree. Attending a four year university, or there is strictly online courses as long as it is accredited to the state. More than 630 RN-to-Baccalaureate programs are available nationwide, including more than 400 programs that are offered at least partially online. These programs build on the education provided in diploma and associate degree programs and prepare graduates for a broader scope of practice. In addition, 161 RN-to-Master’s degree programs are available which cover the baccalaureate content missing in the other entry-level programs as well as graduate level course work. (ANA). Associate Degree nursing students have approximately one and a half years of prerequisites before entering an associates program. The associates program is approximately one and a half years with a combination of classroom and clinical rotations. These clinical rotations are like internships working with patients. After passing the school course there is a National test that has to be taken called National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). The Bachelor Degree Program started around 1909. Bachelor Degree nursing student has approximately two years of prerequisite before entering the bachelor program. The bachelor program is approximately two years of course work and clinical rotation. Bachelor students also have to pass the national test NCLEX. Obtaining a bachelor degree would allow the nurse to be more marketable in this economy, if they were attempting to obtain a different job. It would allow upward mobility into management and teaching positions. Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity, and social justice with unconditional regard for all people. (Grand Canyon). Nurses are professionals whether they are ADN or Bachelors of Science in Nursing. A professional is defined by certain criteria’s stated in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education: * Functions at a high intellectual level * Possesses a specialized body of knowledge that can be learned at intuitions of higher education * Carries a significant level of individual responsibility and accountability * Values public service and altruism over personal financial gain * Functions with a high degree of autonomy and independence * Bears a strong sense of professional identity and a commitment to developing the profession * Abides by a code of ethics, which guides practice * Demonstrates competence and possesses a legally valid license for practice (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education) The future of nursing will likely continue to demand nursing care that is innovative, efficient, cost effective, and responsive to human needs in all settings. (Friberg). No matter what degree that a nurse holds it is their responsibility to be the best and most informed they can be in their field of practice by continually seeking education and constantly leaning. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. 2012, http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf ANA. (n.d). Retrieved from American Nurses Association: http://www.nursingworld.org/FuncionalMenuCategories/FAQ.saspx Essentials of Baccalaureate Education. (nd).. NRS 430 Lecture 1. 2011 Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks /loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=Nursing History, Theories, and Conceptual Model&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=668495e7-02dc-4f87-b2a7-0b2b6b994892&contentId=90d8f604-cca7-4c82-ad07-b242bd698e6d& Friberg, Creasia and (). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice [5] (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7/id/B9780323068697100017_p0295

In the Lake of the Woods by Tim O’Brien: Theme Analysis

Tim O’Brien’s In the Lake of the Woods is centered around the mysterious disappearance of Kathy Wade. Mysterious is the key word, as throughout the novel O’Brien plays with the fine line between ambiguity and reality. Kathy’s husband John Wade, the main character, is a Vietnam veteran and former politician whose participation in the infamous Mai Lai Massacre caused his fall from grace. Following a landslide defeat in the congressional elections, Kathy and John retreat to solitude in an isolated cabin in the Minnesota woods. Here, O’Brien highlights the stress that secrecy has had on their relationship. During their retreat, Kathy disappears in the middle of the night. Their boat is missing, but there are no other clues. O’Brien does not reveal the truth behind Kathy’s disappearance; instead, throughout the novel, in several chapters entitled â€Å"Hypothesis,† he proposes potential solutions. O’Brien suggests that Kathy drowned in the lake, or John murdered her, or that she got lost on a deserted island. In the final hypothesis, which is both the most unsuspected and the most supported by the end of the novel, Kathy plans her disappearance. Weeks later, John too goes missing, and he and Kathy are together once again in an isolated world. While he leaves does not offer a conclusive verdict, O’Brien does support each theory with both evidence from John’s past and police evidence from Kathy’s disappearance. The basis of In the Lake of the Woods is the burden of secrecy and the effects of truth. Mysteries are plentiful, including John’s obsession with magic as a young boy, the hiding of the Mai Lai massacre, the deceit of politics, and the central mystery of Kathy’s disappearance. The connecting theme between all of these mysteries is that secrecy was a convenient way for John and Kathy to avoid facing the facts, but the burden of hiding the truth eventually proved to be too much. In the end, while the truth is ugly, it does manage to liberate John and Kathy. To highlight this theme, O’Brien constantly uses light imagery, namely the presence or absence of sunlight to differentiate between truth and mystery. O’Brien highlights several aspects of John Wade’s childhood to trace the mysteries that surround John back to his roots. As a child, John took an obsessive interest in magic, making frequent trips to â€Å"Karra’s Studio of Magic† to buy tricks, or illusions, as he called them. John used magic to escape from the verbal abuse of his drunken father, Paul, who frequently teased John for his weight. â€Å"After school, and on most weekends, he spent his free time down in the basement, all alone, no teasing or distractions, just perfecting his magic. There was something peaceful about it, something firm and orderly. (208) For John, magic was a way to avoid facing his problems with his father. To further avoid dealing with the alcoholism, John even tried to get rid of the liquor by replacing it with water. â€Å"Another little trick,† he said. (209) Both this trick and his magic tricks did nothing but increase the secrecy surrounding John’s turbulent childhood. When he was sober, Paul was a loving father, which is what John feverishly tried to imagine him as. O’Brien highlighted the difference between the sober Paul and the drunk Paul through the use of light imagery. John’s mother, Eleanor, said, â€Å"He’d just point those incredible blue eyes at you and you’d feel like you were under a big hot sun or something†¦Except then he’d go back to the booze and it was like the sun burned itself out. † (195) The presence of sunlight when Paul was sober and a loving father proves that that was the image that John chose to believe. On the other hand, Eleanor said the sun burned out when Paul drank. This was because John ignored this side of his father, instead opting to cover it up with magic and secrecy. In fact, John kept pictures of his father, his father’s empty vodka bottles and his father’s neckties alongside his magic equipment in his â€Å"box of tricks,† demonstrating that he had conceived an completely unrealistic relationship with his father in which magic and trickery acted as a facade to hide the drinking and verbal abuse. John was terrified of discovering the truth about his father. O’Brien explained that for John, â€Å"[Knowing] is to be disappointed. To understand is to be betrayed. † (242) While hiding the truth was convenient for John, the secrets piled up and ultimately proved to be too much of a burden. For as hard as John tried to cover up the truth, he always knew about his father’s drinking. â€Å"That was the worst part. The secret drinking that wasn’t secret,† O’Brien explained. (66) When Paul hanged himself, however, John was finally able to face the truth. He was still a child, and at the funeral he continually screamed in front of the entire procession, finally relieving himself of the burden of years of secrecy. While the truth of Paul’s alcoholism was not pretty, and was certainly less convenient to face than simply ignoring it, it was a significant relief for John. His mother explained: â€Å"I hate to say it, but it was a relief to have him out of the house. John and I, we both adored the man, but suddenly all the tension was gone and we could have supper without sitting there on the edge of our seats. † (97) Throughout the rest of John’s life, a similar process of hiding the truth and ultimately accepting it would repeat. As he progressed to the next stage of his life, as a young adult serving in the Vietnam War, John would bear a secret much heavier than his father’s alcoholism. While serving in the U. S. army, John’s battalion partook in the gruesome Mai Lai Massacre. An entire village, including hundreds of women and children, was wiped out with its inhabitants all murdered and buried in mass graves. Many victims were raped or tortured. In every reference to the massacre in In the Lake of the Woods, O’Brien purposefully describes the bright sunlight that shone over Mai Lai on that day. â€Å"In the sunlight, which shifted from pink to purple, people were shot dead and carved up with knives and raped and sodomized and bayoneted and blown into scraps. † (200) Here, O’Brien reveals the brutal truth, which is fittingly accompanied with sunlight. John, however, being quite the Houdini, would of course try to avoid the truth. John’s interest in magic continued into his adulthood. At night, obviously when the sun was down, he would perform magic tricks for his fellow soldiers, who called him â€Å"Sorcerer. † In fact, very few of them actually knew his real name. Even though John was more of a bystander than a participant in the massacre, he still refused to face the truth, even when one of his friends in the war tries to convince him that they can tell their story without repercussions. John was horrified by the massacre, and once again the terror of discovery caused him to turn to secrecy even though he obviously knew the truth. â€Å"Pure wrongness, [John] knew. He could taste the sunlight. It had a rusty, metallic flavor, like nails on his tongue. † By describing the unfavorable taste of the sunlight, O’Brien demonstrates John’s negative view of the ugly truth. Thus, similar to his use of magic to avoid facing his father’s alcoholism, John kept the massacre a secret. He was able to keep it a mystery to everyone around him until he became a politician, which fit in perfectly with the theme of In the Lake of the Woods. Like many politicians, John was an expert at manipulation, especially manipulation of the truth. He explained that, â€Å"Politics was manipulation. Like a magic show: invisible wires and secret trapdoors. † (35) But as he rose in status and ran for a seat in the Senate, it became harder to keep the secret. Much to the dismay of his campaign manager, Tony Carbo, John never even told him about the massacre. â€Å"Doesn’t say anything about the Vietnam shit—not to his wife or me or anybody†¦The guy was a magic man, keeping that stuff locked up inside, it must’ve driven him crazy sometimes. (196) Carbo was certainly correct, as the burden of keeping the massacre a secret became even worse than the truth. It affected his relationship with Kathy, who described a new darkness in his eye. When John ran for a Senate seat, the press discovered the truth about the Mai Lai Massacre. While it was horribly embarrassing for John and Kathy, they actually achieved peace with themselves. Patricia Hood, Kathy’s sister, explained Kathy’s cheerfulness during their last conversation before she disappeared. â€Å"She seemed so happy. Like she could finally relax and get on with her life. (182) John’s mood also lightened after news of the massacre broke, and he and Kathy took a vacation to the lake house where Kathy would soon disappear from. In the six days they had there before she vanished, John and Kathy were relieved and isolated from the rest of society. Throughout the novel, John and Kathy’s relationship is plagued by John’s tendency to hide the truth. Kathy is truly in love with him, but she struggles to deal with the constant lying. Early on in their relationship, in fact, John constantly spied on Kathy. He was completely obsessed with manipulating their relationship. As he rationalized it, â€Å"He was Sorcerer, after all, and what was love without a little mystery? † (45) This mystery took a toll on his relationship with Kathy, however. Kathy felt urges to leave John, as she grew tired of the constant secrecy and spying. She had a loveless affair with her dentist, Harmon, and in a typical nature, John chose to pretend like he was not aware that she was cheating on him. Kathy was both desperate for the truth and apprehensive about receiving the truth. To show this, O’Brien used light and dark imagery. In the middle of the night, Kathy had a â€Å"huge and desperate wanting in her heart. † (253) This desire is to end the lies that her relationship is based on, such as the spying, and the desire to stop John’s constant manipulation in politics. She frequently wakes up in the middle of the night because of the burden placed upon her by John’s lies, but she always feels more relaxed during the day. â€Å"It was just after six o’clock [in the morning]. Flakes of speckled light filled the kitchen. ‘Well, that’s better,’ she said. (14) At the same time, however, Kathy was still hesitant to leave the convenience of secrecy. While she was desperate to put an end to the lying, she worried that doing so would put an end to their relationship. John, however, was comfortable living in secrecy, or in the dark. â€Å"Wade lay back in the shade†¦Pleasant memories came to mind. Kathy’s laughter. The way she slept on her side, thumb up against her sleeve. He remembered the times back in college when they’d gone dancing, how she’d look at him in a way that made him queasy with joy. (183) Ultimately, John’s secrecy affected him, as it caused Kathy’s affair with Harmon. The lies finally came to fruition when the Mai Lai Massacre was unveiled and John’s career unraveled. John was able to accept Kathy’s unfaithfulness and he stopped spying on her. With the truth finally out, John and Kathy were relieved of the pressures on their relationship and they moved on. By going to the lake house in the woods, they were able to start anew with a relationship free from secrecy and manipulation. Soon after, however, they would be separated again. The central mystery of In the Lake of the Woods is Kathy’s disappearance. She left her bed in the middle of the night and took their boat out onto the lake. Fittingly, it is completely dark when she disappears, as once again the truth is unknown without sunlight. After weeks of searching, no one found her. Throughout the novel, O’Brien proposes four solutions to the mystery, all in chapters entitled, â€Å"Hypothesis. † The first three are the most plausible. Perhaps Kathy drowned in the lake, or was stranded on a small island, or perhaps she was even murdered by John. The police suspect the latter, since John is seemingly unaffected by Kathy’s disappearance. But in the final chapter, O’Brien proposes the idea that in one last magic trick, John and Kathy planned her disappearance, with John joining her later on. Bethany Kee, Kathy’s coworker, supported this theory. â€Å"Maybe they decided†¦Hard to say. But I know this much. She had the guts. And she wanted changes. † (297) Ironically, this â€Å"magic trick† would be the only secret that resulted positively. Having disappeared together, Kathy and John have faced the truth and are now at peace, even when the sun is down. And so one chilly evening he might have joined her on the shore of Oak Island, or Massacre Island, or Buckete Island. Maybe she scolded him for being late. All around them there was only wilderness, dark and silent, which was what they had come for. They needed the solitude†¦Maybe they spent the night huddled at a small fire, celebrating, thinking up names for the children they wanted—funny names, sometimes, so they could laugh—and then later they would’ve planned the furnishings for their new house. (300) Even though O’Brien never reveals what actually happened, this hypothesis is supported by the fact that John, who was madly in love with Kathy, was not fazed by disappearance. Out of all the hypotheses, it serves the central theme the best, as John and Kathy have been liberated by truth. In the Lake of the Woods is an excellently written book. O’Brien is ingenious, and he is always one step ahead of the reader. By leaving the ending inconclusive, O’Brien adds to the mystery of the book. While this could leave readers unsatisfied, it was the only way O’Brien could feasibly end the story. John Wade is an incredibly intriguing and dynamic character whose different sides show throughout various parts of the novel. O’Brien brilliantly intertwines elements of John’s childhood, time in Vietnam, time as a politician, and the present day. Every piece is connected, molding together into one, profound message. Sunlight imagery perfectly serves this message, and its subtle inclusion is well-used. In the Lake of the Woods is not the most satisfying book to read, but it is certainly a thrilling and thought-provoking work of high literary quality.

Lamo to the slaughter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lamo to the slaughter - Assignment Example As regards the giggle, she seems contented of her actions. When Patrick arrives home, one can witness that something is wrong from several instances. This is demonstrable by the way he gulps his whisky in one swing (Dahl 28). In addition, he declines the offer of food from Mary (Dahl 30). Patrick says â€Å"this is going to be a bit of a shock to you.† This news might entail information about a break up. Mary could not accept the message. She acts as if she is striving to please Patrick. When Mary realizes that she has murdered her husband, the same astound her. Mary strives to act normal by having a make-up. She then goes to the grocery in order to fool Sam that everything was normal in the house. In this sense, Sam would easily act as a witness to her favor. She then goes back to the house and wails whereby police officers and detectives come in to address the scenario. The police’s investigation of Patrick’s death is bias in the sense that they believe an external party would have been responsible for the same. There is cheese and pork lying on the floor. Mary Maloney is holding Patrick’s body as she cries. In addition, Patrick’s body lies on the floor while facing the roof. There are signs of blood on Patrick’s head. The first witness is Mary Maloney. She reports that Patrick acted quite normal and drunk his usual whiskey. She says that she placed pork in the oven and went out to look for vegetables. When she retreated in the house, she found Patrick lying on the floor. Thereafter, she realizes that Patrick

South circa 1900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South circa 1900 - Essay Example While slavery ended at the end of the century, segregation came in the dawn of the new century with the passage of the Segregation Law in 1880. The southern states, particularly Tennessee first passed the segregation law prohibiting the mingling of races in all public places particularly in public transportation. Another law was also passed which is the Disenfranchisement Law that deprived Afro Americans of their right to vote. The passage of the segregation law and disenfranchisement law meant the white and the black cannot be together on public places and public transportation. These oppressive laws were then implemented in various states and municipality mandating the segregation of the blacks and the whites not only on public transportation but also in other aspects of public life that include, schools, hospitals, parks, movie houses, hotels and even restrooms. Even courtrooms which are supposed to dispense justice were not spared as it was required to have separate bibles for a black and white witness. The separation of books was not only limited in theological scriptures but also on schoolbooks where the textbooks of the white and black students were stored in different warehouses. The famous anecdote about Rosa Parks not giving up her seat to a white passenger sprung up from the segregation law where a black person has to give up his or her seat to a white person (blacks and white in the early phase of the segregation law cannot be together in public transportation). The Disfranchisement Law as the name implies, remove the right of the Negro to exercise his civil liberty to vote by despite the guarantee of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. This was evident with the exclusion of the blacks from the list of those who can vote in 1870 and made it more difficult for blacks to vote (if they can) by passing the poll tax law. Ridiculous as it may sound but a literacy requirement was also enacted in 1890 that if a black person is allowed to vote, he or sh e must satisfy the â€Å"understanding clause† that they understood the constitution before the state registrar. Naturally, the determination of the black person’s fitness to vote became arbitrary that deprived many of them of their right to vote. Voting restrictions were also imposed to make it difficult for black people by stating deadlines of poll tax payment and voter registration unannounced. All of these were designed to make it difficult, if not impossible for a black person to vote. Many scholars, including Ayers are seeking the answer why was the law passed and many scholars contended that American society was not yet ready to accept the Negro as equals in all dimension of life that it was too radical an idea for a race that was once a slave to become an equal. Such, the separation between the two races, where the white can again impose its superiority among the blacks had to be imposed through the creation and passage of segregation and disenfranchisement law . Ayers however argued that while to some extent this could be true, there are several factors that led to the passage of these laws that shaped the socio-economic status of Afro-Americans in the 19th century. Ayers contended that the Jim Crow law was a result of various forces that include political, class, and psychological issues that was a byproduct of America’s industrialization. It could also be taken as an attempt to put the Negro in the south in his or her â€Å"

Property law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Property law - Essay Example This may require a fee payment to prove the ability. The requirements inform the authority on the types of activities they should do and give them an opportunity to come up with conditions and the limitations. The licensing process is one of the richest retail markets in the world ( Lewicki, Saunders, Minton , & Barry, 2003). However, having a license is not an instant success. It will need good marketing and selling to succeed. It is a cost effective tool for marketing when it is well used. Licensing has three main advantages. First, it means that you have a unique thing, which your competitors do not have. Secondly, it means that you are getting a little better advantage because it is different from the rest. Thirdly, it means that you have something different that you can easily sell to the retailers. Licensing is important to both the licensor and the licensee, to the licensor for example a company that does not want to be involved in the manufacture of some products it can licen se out to any of its partners but retaining its ownership but only get some economic benefit from the royalty income. Licensing out can also help a company expand its operation to other new markets and commercialize its business. It may also be used to get an access to new markets that are not accessible. The licensee may make translation of instruction and labels required to enter a foreign market and to modify the goods to conform to local regulations and rules and the expansion of marketing. To the licensee it makes one reach the market faster, and supply new products with then access of the license and improve its services and marketing after getting a marketing opportunity. Licensing of properties is categorized into; technology licenses, trademark and merchandise licenses and publish and entertainment licenses. Licensing mainly involves trade secrets and patents. The sharia or Islamic law has several sources like the Quran, the Sunna and others. The aspect of property licensin g and protection of property is considered on three aspects: property, contract, and public interest. To establish a law one should be able to point at a verse in the Quran, a tradition or Hadith of the prophet Muhammad. The license under property law Property rights are intangible; they cannot be seen or touched. Due diligence is required before starting on any kind of licensing transaction or agreement. One has to gather enough information on the licensor, the market the market being developed and the legal business environment. Property licensing is therefore the permission given to the licensee by the licensor. It is mainly categorized to patents, trademarks, and copyrights. Property licensing is created by statute; they are created by legislation, which gives the limits and scope of protection of the property. They may vary according to territory for example a patent in U.S.A is enforceable and valid only in the U.S. or it can also be international for example a copyright in a book which is authored in a particular country say England is valid in all Common Wealth countries. The main two categories of property license are hard property rights, which include patents, trademarks and copyrights while the soft property rights include trade secrets, confidential information and know how. A patent is an agreement to license or give a right to a licensee like a manufacturer to sell and use the invention that he has claimed in that patent, and to

Frontier Airline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Frontier Airline - Essay Example The airline has thus faced a number of challenges. First, it has been difficult finding and training adequate number of staff, especially pilots and technicians. Tin general, there are a shortage of qualified staff and the turnover of employees is quite high. Secondly, the airline has had its business disrupted as a result of labor strikes by employees. Most of the workers are represented by unions, and therefore cases of labor strikes are common. Thirdly, there has been an increase in the labor costs in the United States. Given that labor costs make up a significant percentage of the total operating costs, the airline has been pressured to increase salaries and benefits for the workers. This has in turn increased the operating costs significantly. Forth, the airline relies on a single manufacturer for all of the regional jets. One of the major risks is the inability of the manufacturer to provide the required parts and services in good time. Finally, since the airline is affected by the common stock, the price of this stock may flu ctuate as a result of the actions of other partners, competitors or the economy in general. In addition to the above internal challenges, there are external factors associated with the airline industry in general. First, the airline faces competition from other regional airlines operated by major airlines. In addition, some of these airlines offer low fare prices, making it difficult for the airline to attract higher passenger numbers without reducing fare prices. Secondly, the airline industry has generally been affected by a number of labor strikes. Therefore, the new collective bargaining agreements entered into by different carriers generally help to increase industry wages which in turn affect the airline. Thirdly, the recent economic problems experienced in the United States and around the world have impacted the airline’s operations. There has been a

Analyze an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Analyze an - Article Example It is evident even when it comes to sourcing of finance. Manufacturing companies in Egypt are expected to give more collateral when seeking cash to finance import of raw materials. On the other hand, the Egyptian pound has dropped by 6.6% making exports low-priced. On the opposite, the price of fuel has increased. Therefore, companies incur higher cost of manufacturing. In the long run, the manufacturers end up getting minimal profits. Companies can reduce the risk of losing their customers by refraining from increasing the price of their commodities. When manufacturers pass the added cost incurred to the buyers, they stretch the ability of the consumers. Therefore, the customers will consider buying cheaper alternative goods. Manufacturers can also opt to seek to produce cheaper affordable goods. Customers will tend to spend the cash they had put aside as saving. Therefore, more money will be in circulation making the rate of inflation to go

Supply Chain Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supply Chain Development - Essay Example The supply management handles all these activities in addition to coordination of all the partners in the supply chain channel. As the world advances and more goods and services are being demanded by the ever increasing population in the whole world, there is need to put up systems that are both efficient and effective to aid in this conversion of products and consequent supply to the final consumer. The construction supply chain is one of the local supply chains; it involves the design and construction of building structures. Numerous supply chains all around the world have been developed to cater for the needs of the consumers in that chain. The world is under a great threat due to effects of environmental degradation that has lead to numerous negative effects such as global warming, climatic change, deforestations and desertification, polar ice melting, loss in the scenic beauty of the landscape, increase of tropical and other diseases, creation of huge dumping sites that lead to air, water and land pollution affecting the human, plant and animal life in general. Due to this pollution the human population is under threat. There is need to diversify and intensify any or all activity geared to reversing these hazardous effects. According to Friedman (2008), there is need for greening supply chains. This has been brought about by increased media attention; additional regulation and research by the scientific society showing that human activity directly influence the climatic changes. These human activities are the core business in supply chains. Some of the ways of improving the supply chain include; Maximizing the utilization of materials and machines The material and machines form the core of every supply chain. Raw material are used virtually everywhere. In construction various raw material and machines are used to design and construct different structures to be used by various entrepreneurs running the supply chains. All waste must be reduced by improving the construction material utilization, there is great need to evaluate every material be used in the supply chain construction and evaluate its importance, its effects to the environment and the by product or the waste. For example if plastic bags are used to pack different construction materials e.g. cement, Then within a short periods the whole environment will be littered with plastic bags, proper material utilization not only lead to reduction of environmental degradation but also lead to increased profit margin by the construction company. Machine effectiveness The effectiveness of various machines to convert goods/raw materials to finished product also affects the supply chain. Effective machines lead to greater efficiency in conversion of goods to finished product. Different construction materials undergo transformation before be used in design and construction. Because these materials are used in large quantities, there is need to use machines that will reduce any wastes as the waste generated by these processes generally effect the environment in the long run. Technological advancement Embracing technological changes is another method of championing improvement in the supply

Personal Training Case Scenario Essay Example for Free

Personal Training Case Scenario Essay Please type your response in paper format, double spaced. Paper should include questions and detailed answers and should be 6-8 pages in length. Citing is not necessary as it will be assumed that all of the information obtained will be from the NSCA Essentials of Personal Training text. Papers will be due April 19th and will be 20% of your grade. You have just been contacted via telephone by Jane Doe, a 40 year old female who would like to meet with you to discuss the possibilities of obtaining your personal training services. Please describe the consultation process that you will use. (Client-trainer compatibility should be a main component here). Jane Doe called me on the phone one day while I was at the Community Center working at the help desk. We set up the initial interview for the following day. The importance of the initial interview is for the personal trainer and the client to assess compatibility, develop goals, and establish a client-trainer agreement. When Jane first arrives for the interview I will provide a description of the services available and that I can provide her. I will explain to her that I am certified through the National Strength and Conditioning Association as of May 2012 and I have completed an Essentials of Personal Training class for credit at Northern Michigan University. I will explain to her the mission statement of the Community Center (mission statement of NSCA is to unify members and facilitate a professional exchange of ideas in strength development as it relates to the improvements of athletic performance and fitness) unique features to the program, and where and when services are available. I will then need to evaluate her readiness for fitness by assessing her level of motivation and commitment. I will ask her to discuss her past experience with exercise, time management skills, and possible obstacles that would prevent her from meeting with me. I would have her complete an attitudinal assessment which helps me understand her relationship with fitness. It is also important for me to explain for her and to understand roles, r esources, expectations and boundaries of the program. I will try to get an understanding in what kind of training that Jane is interested in and if I think that my abilities would allow us to make a good match. After establishing compatibility I would discuss with Jane her goals and objectives as it relates to motivation. I would help explain that developing specific goals are important that they are able to be measurable, realistic, and time sensitive. If her idea in losing weight is 15 pounds a week, I will have to explain to her that it is simply not a realistic goal, because a more fitting objective would be 1-2 pounds per week. After establishing goals, a very important part of the initial interview is the client-trainer agreement. I will then present Jane with a written document describing the services, people involved, expectations of those people, cost structure and payment process. It will also include termination policy and other issues that may be pressing. I would give J ane the document and ask her to read it so she understands everything and we would discuss it thoroughly so there is no miscommunication; once it is signed by both of us it becomes valid. After meeting with Jane, she has decided she would like you to be her personal trainer. You have scheduled a fitness assessment with Jane for the following day. Please describe what information you will need to tell her to so that she is prepared for the assessment. I will let Jane know that the purpose of the assessment is to gather baseline data and provide a basis for developing goals and effective exercise programs. I want to choose tests that will match with her goals. I will tell Jane to dress in comfortable athletic clothing and to wear appropriate tennis shoes. I will make sure that before she comes to the fitness assessment that she needs to make sure she gets adequate rest, that she stays hydrated throughout the day and brings water with her, and that if she eats it should be at least a c ouple hours before our meeting. Her goals are: * Lose 30 pounds * Decrease body fat * Increase overall health * Increase muscular strength and endurance * Increase mobility * Increased cardiovascular capacity * Better eating habits Jane has arrived for her assessment. Which paperwork will you complete with her and why? Based on her goals, which fitness tests will you perform? Will nutrition advice be included in your assessment process? Why or why not? Some paperwork I will have Jane complete is a health appraisal screening. This is to help identify known diseases and possible risk factors associated with coronary artery disease and question if Jane may need medical referral before starting the exercise program. I would have Jane fill out a Par-Q (physical activity readiness questionnaire) form which identifies if individuals are healthy enough to start training or if they need additional medical attention. Another form I would have her fill out is the health/medical questionnaire. This form identifies any diseases, personal medical history, health concerns, medication and lifestyle management. I would then proceed to ask Jane questions to gather a lifestyle inventory so I can understand some of her daily habits and figure if she has any behaviors that are positively or negatively impacting her health. I would ask questions about her diet, stress management, physical activity, and sleep pattern. I would then give Jane a document on informed consent which gives her information about the content and process of the program delivery. I will evaluate all this information and collect all the paperwork and keep it in a personal file for Jane Doe so I can keep a record of my client. After filling out paperwork we will began some of the fitness testing. I will start with some of the rest tests (blood pressure and resting heart rate) first, because if Jane wants to improve her cardiovascular capacity and overall health, it is important to take note of how her exercise affects her blood pressure (exercise is proven to lower BP) and if her resting heart rate decreases after the program (that would mean the program was effective). To asses her body fat and weight I would perform two body composition tests on Jane to make the assessment more valid. I would use the waist to hip ratio, and then I would perform the skinfold test because it directly measures thickness of fat tissue. This test is valid and can be reliably measu red properly and this test you can easily see results. I would use waist to hip ratio instead of body mass index because that is not always accurate and it doesn’t account for muscle weight (muscle weighs more than fat). After the resting tests I would have Jane move on to some flexibility tests for reasons that she wants to increase her mobility. I would have Jane perform a sit and reach test because it measures hip and low back flexibility. Since Jane wants to increase her muscular strength and endurance, I will have her complete the muscular strength test last so it won’t tire her out before the muscular endurance tests. I will have her perform the one-minute sit-up test because it measures abdominal strength and hip flexor muscle groups. I will also have her perform the push-up test because it uses her own body weight. For muscular strength I will have her complete a 1-repetitions maximum bench press and leg press to see where her maximum strength is in her arms and legs. To asses for cardiovascular endurance, I will have Jane complete the YMCA step test because it measures the heart rate recovery response immediately after the test. I will also have Jane complete the Rockport walking test which estimates the VO2 max for older men and women and it requires only walking at a fast pace. I will give general nutrition a dvice to Jane to address misinformation and advice as it relates to physical performance, disease prevention, weight loss and weight gain. I can refer Jane to a dietician if I believe she has a disease state affected by her eating, but I should only give information on nutrition after assessing Jane’s diet, and I can give her recommendations that can match to Jane’s dietary goals. I can help asses Jane’s diet through dietary recall, diet history, and ask her to keep a diet record. I am not certified to prescribe anything to Jane, but if I recognize more complicated nutrition issues, I am only here to guide her diet, be a source of credible information, and refer her to someone when necessary. During the assessment, Jane explains to you that she suffers from anxiety, stress and mild depression. How will you educate her regarding exercise and its effects on these conditions? I will explain to Jane that the benefits of exercise are endless and that there is evidenc e that participation in physical activity has significant mental health benefits, which include a reduction in anxiety and depression, decreased reactivity to psychological stress, and enhanced cognition. Many workout routines for continuous periods of time can be relaxing, and many routines are rhythmic which can be calming to the central nervous system and this can cause a quieting of the cognitive activity associated with anxiety or stress. Along with anxiety, research evidence consistently reveals that physical exercise yields significant effects for men and women who suffer from depression and less severe forms. Exercise offers an appropriate and effective means of coping and feeling better, while also increasing ones overall health. When exercising, your brain releases serotonin (neurotransmitter with antidepressant effects) and the levels are elevated during and following the activity. Being socially interactive that occurs in an exercise setting or forming a sense of accomplishment after a workout makes people feel a sense of independence and decreased feelings of helplessness. Therefore, being physically active not only helps you to look better, but it helps to make you feel better on the inside as well. Explain to Jane some of the resistance and aerobic training adaptations she can expect to see as a result of her training program. Why would it be important to someone starting an exercise program to understand these training adaptations? Acute responses to exercises are changes that occur in the body during and shortly after an exercise bout. And chronic responses to exercise are changes in the body that occur after repeated training bouts and persist long after the training session is over. During the initial phases of resistance training there is a dramatic increase in the activation of motor units and improvements in strength are due to neural adaptations. Resistance training leads to muscle hypertrophy but it is usually not measured until 8-12 weeks after the beginning of the program. A lot of neurological responses, muscular and endocrine changes will be seen in resistance adaptation. An example of a neurological change would be the number of motor units recruited. An endocrine change includes an increase in epinephrine which increases fat and carb breakdown by the cell for more ATP (energy) production. Some chronic adaptations include after about 1-2 months most strength increases due to hypertrophy and skill of movement. Women tend to build stronger and thicker bones and high volume resistance training may induce glycolitic enzymatic adaptations that increase muscle endurance. Resistance training programs increase fat-free mass, improving body composition. Resistance training programs increase metabolic rate, due to the high metabolic activity of muscle. The effects of aerobic exercise are regulated by the intensity, frequency, and duration of the activity. If one exercises at a greater heart rate, then the training adaptation will be greater. Heart rate and stroke volume increases because the cardiac output is increased, yet the heart also becomes stronger in size because it has to pump more blood (decreased resting heart rate). The energy systems in t he body also become better at producing energy and stored energy in the form of fat is utilized during aerobic training which leads to a change in body composition. Body increases the available fuel sources as well as the enzymes responsible for utilizing those fuel sources. The respiratory changes include increased lung capacity and blood flow. It is appropriate to know this so the client won’t over train or detraining. Changes are the exact opposite of what occurs during training programs. Some common markers for overtraining include decreased performance, decreased body fat, decreased maximum oxygen uptake, increased muscle soreness and increased sympathetic stress response among other things. It is important for Jane to recognize the changes her body will be making as a result of exercise so she can see improvement and stay motivated. During your assessment, you find the following: * Height: 62 inches * Weight: 180 lbs. * Body Fat: 30% * Blood pressure: 138/85 mmHg * Resting HR: 70 * Upper body endurance: average * Lower body endurance: poor * Rockport walk test 18 minutes * Sit and reach: 16 inches Jane has committed to training with you two days per week and three times on her own. Based on your fitness testing and her stated goals, what will be some of the short-term and long-term goals you will set at the end of the assessment? Why is it important to set goals? What are some important characteristics of goal setting? Goals are important to set because they keep the client motivated to not only work out with the trainer but also make sure they are making the program effective by working out on their own too. It is important to have something to work towards because there is always room for improvement and once achieved, setting a goal gives you a sense of accomplishment. Some easy goals I would first start out with are that Jane commits to show up to train with me two days a week for at least one month, three on her own, and that she aim to work out 5 days a week total. Another short-term goal is that Jane aim to lose about a pound a week. A long-term goal for Jane would be to have a 10% reduction in body weight at the end of 6 months, so her goal would be to lose 18 pounds in 6 months. According to Jane’s BMI she falls in the class one obesity, and has a very high blood pressure which puts her at risk for heart disease and diabetes, so it would be an important goal to drop her blood pressure to about 130/85 at the end of 6 months. Her Rockport walk test also fell in the range of poor so a long-term goal would be to get her time down to 14 minutes instead of 18 which would help improve her Vo2 max which ultimately helps increase her cardiovascular capacity and aerobic endurance. A short term goal would be to drop about 12 seconds off of her time each week. Some general goals would be to increase her upper and lower b ody muscular strength and endurance. A nutritional goal I will first start out for Jane is to eat a healthy breakfast every morning after she wakes up and to drink at least six cups of water every day. A long-term goal is to eventually have Jane eat 2-3 cups of fruit and veggies, 5 ounces of lean/low-fat meat and poultry, 3 ounces of whole grains, and about 3 cups of low/non-fat dairy every day (recommendations are referenced from choosemyplate.gov). Some characteristics of goal setting include that they should be specific, measureable, and observable. It’s important to clearly identify time constraints. By beginning with goals that are simple to achieve, the personal trainer can create a sense of achievement and self-confidence for the client so they can eventually make their goals more challenging. Goals should be recorded, monitored, and evaluated. Short-term goals should be set first to achieve long-term goals, and they should also be prioritized so the most important one s are first. Describe your resistance training program in detail and why you have chosen this plan for this specific client. Jane is a beginner when it comes to resistance training. Topics to include are: Since Jane is a beginner in resistance training I will have her meet with me for an over an hour on Mondays and Thursdays. Her main goal is muscular endurance so I will alternate the upper and lower body exercises. Bench Press (free weight) 2 sets x 15 reps at 50 pounds Leg Press (pivot based machine) 2 sets x 15 reps at 140 pounds Seated row (cam based machine) 2 sets x 15 reps at 30 pounds Leg curl (cam based machine) 2 sets x 15 reps at 20 pounds Shoulder press (cam based machine) 2 sets x 15 reps at 15 pounds Squat (FW) 2 sets x 15 reps (try without any weights and then slowly add bar or dumbbells) Bicep curl (FW) 2 sets x 15 reps at 30 pounds Standing calf raise 2 sets x 15 reps Triceps pushdown (pivot based machine) 2 sets x 15 reps at 15 pounds Stability ball abdominal crunch 2 sets x 15 reps * Exercise choice: I used a mixture of free weights and machine based exercises because Jane is a beginner. The core exercises I chose are bench press, leg press, squats, seated row, and shoulder press because those work major muscle groups. The assistance exercises are leg curl, biceps curl, calf raises, triceps pushdown and abdominal crunches which work small muscle groups. * Frequency: Because Jane is a beginner, she is only meeting with me two times a week and I want to make sure she has proper form when weight training so I would prefer she did her resistance exercises with me in the gym so I can coach her. The days are spaced out evenly so Jane has enough recovery time in between. * Order: It is important to alternate upper body and lower body exercises so that Jane doesn’t get too fatigued. She will complete one set of each exercise and then repeat because muscular endurance goals call for between 2-3 sets. * Load: Because Jane is a beginner I used percent of body-weigh t testing protocol for a guideline. Her weight is 180 pounds but I used the maximum 140 pounds as an average to get a good idea on how much weight she should be lifting. I used table 15.5 to help with body weight factors and used the calculation to estimate how much weight Jane should be lifting. * Repetitions: Because Jane’s goal is muscular endurance it is important to do 2-3 sets within 12-15 repetitions to get good results. * Volume: (total number of repetitions times the weight lifted per repetition) If I calculated all the repetitions times the weight lifted in a given day, Jane is lifting around over 5000 pounds. * Variation: Jane is only working out with me for two days out of the week and the only variation I will use is alternating upper body and lower body. * Progression: 2-for-2 rule: if a client can complete two more repetitions than the repetition goal in the final set for two consecutive training sessions then I will add on more weight depending on the exercise and the amount of weight Jane can lift in the first place. Jane is inexperienced in weight training so for every exercise I show her how do it first and then see if she can do it with no weight. Then I will add on a third of the set weight and have her do 12 reps and then if she can complete that with proper form then I will have her complete the actual exercise. After about two weeks I will start progressing Jane and adding more weight so she can slowly increase and improve her performance. After a few months I will slowly increase the frequency and exercise choice to add variation so Jane’s muscles don’t get used to the same workouts and to also see improvement. Describe your cardiovascular plan in detail and why you have chosen this plan for this specific clien t. Topics to include are: When Jane meets with me on Mondays and Thursdays I will also have her do some aerobics but a light workout because those are also the days she will be lifting. * Exercise mode: On Mondays Jane will be on the machine (treadmill) and then on Thursdays the bike. On the treadmill Jane will be walking, and on the bike Jane will be biking. On Wednesdays and Saturdays Jane will not be using a machine she will just be walking, and then she will use stairs at her home to do stair stepping. On Sundays Jane will be doing stretching and flexibility exercises. * Exercise intensity: Jane’s maximum heart rate is 190 bpm. Her HRR is 120. Because one of Jane’s main goals is to lose weight and burn fat, she should aim to be in the fitness zone which targets fat burning and her heart rate target should be 114-133 bpm. Since Jane is still a beginner, her exercises should be low to moderate intensity, she should still be able to hold a conversation and talk while exercising. * Exercise duration: 20-30 min for five days a week is a good goal to have for Jane. Although on the days she meets with me on Mondays and Thursdays her aerobic exercise will only be duration of 10 minutes so she doesn’t become too fatigued. On Wednesdays and Saturday s Jane will walk for 20 min and do stair stepping for 10 min for a total workout of 30 min. * Exercise progression: After a few months and losing weight and after Jane becomes more experienced, I will evaluate her and one of her goals will be to slowly move to the aerobic zone and her target heart rate will become 133-152 bpm. Every two weeks I will add five minutes to her walking time on Wednesdays and Saturdays so in two weeks instead of walking for 20 min she will be walking for 25 min and so on. I will also increase the intensity at which Jane walks on the treadmill and bikes on the bike by very small increments every two weeks. * Which types of aerobic training programs will you choose? Why? Jane’s goal here is weight loss and aerobic improvement, so progression is a very important component to this aerobic training program. Because Jane is still a beginner and needs to improve her Rockport Walking Test score, I chose walking as a main exercise. Using the treadmill at the gym will help give Jane an idea as to what pace and intensity she should be walking at so it makes it easier for her to walk on her own. I also chose biking because cycling is also a good way to get your heart rate up and improve your cardiovascular endurance. On her days not at the gym I also chose for Jane to do stair steppi ng because she can easily do it at her home and it is also a good activity to get your heart rate up and it works on coordination, leg muscles, and improves cardiovascular endurance. On Sundays Jane should have an easier day but it is still important for her to stretch and work on flexibility. Some exercises I will have her do include lunge walk, butterfly, arm circles, side lunges, behind neck and back stretch, semi straddle, wall stretch, and walking knee tuck. It is important for Jane to get her blood flowing before performing any stretches and for every workout it is also important that Jane have a five minute warm-up and cool down. I will show Jane how to do each stretch and then I will give her a sheet that explains and gives pictures and a specific order on how to do them so she can perform them on her own. Jane would like to set up an exercise area at her home. What are some SPECIFIC guidelines and recommendations you could give her regarding which equipment to purchase and the logistics of setting up an exercise area? Some guidelines and recommendations I would give Jane regarding setting up an exercise area in her home would include that it is imperative that any exercise equipment purchased will fit into the home (think about ceiling height, door width, space of room). Cost is an important factor, and the equipment should not be kept out of sight because this might hinder the client being motivated to work out. The safety issues of a home exercise area includes keeping children and pets away from electrical outlets, running treadmills, free weights, bike pedals etc. A see-through gate around the area is always a good idea for a safer environment. When the equipment is not in use it should be turned off or locked or disabled or put into a different room. Other factors to think of are available electricity outlets and their safety, adequat e lighting, air circulation, mirrors, and protective flooring and celling. All the equipment should be placed along the perimeter of the room close to the walls. Another thing to consider is to allow 25 to 49 square feet for activities such as aerobic dancing, free body weights etc. It is also good to think about allowing enough space for a TV, DVD player, or music system for exercise tapes or listening to music. A home exercise facility that has good lighting and air circulation, and good entertainment is more desirable to work out in. How would your overall approach to the program change if Jane was 30 years old and 3 months pregnant? If Jane were three months pregnant there are definitely some different guidelines that I would use to be cautionary and safe. First and foremost I would check with her healthcare provider to make sure that exercising would be safe and beneficial to Jane. After the first trimester I would not have Jane lie in any supine position for any exercises and I would have her use more weight machines because it changes the center of gravity, but non-weight bearing activities are favored because this would reduce the risk of injury and body weight is always an effective way of working out. I would adjust the program according to avoid training at high levels of fatigue and be careful with balance and agility exercises. I would avoid any activity that would increase the risk of falling or trauma to the abdomen. 30 minutes or more of moderate exercise is very beneficial for most days of the week and abdominal and pelvic floor strength is emphasized. Large increases in body temperature should be minimized as well. I would definitely still have Jane continue her walking and stair stepping and most of her stretches. I would decrease the amount of weight she would be lifting for her resistance training and I would get rid of any of the lifts where she has to lie down. I would make sure she didn’t become too fatigued and I would closely m onitor for proper form.

Employment and Family Essay Example for Free

Employment and Family Essay This paper is about Family Related Issued: Family and Medical Act, in studying the case where it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. The motive in this paper is to determine the size of the business can have any effect on whether Toney is eligible for family leave under the FMLA. I will discuss whether Herman can or cannot imply that if Tony takes a leave of absence under the FMLA, he may not have a job when he comes back. In this paper I will give describe who is covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993? In this case I will explain the extent to which an employer can make his or her own determination as to the eligibility of an employer under the Family and Medical Leave Act. Explain if it matters that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) to care for that parent. The Family and Medical Act is a law endorsed by the United States that needs big companies top management team to offer its employees, the coverage to (FMLA) for their job compensations due to a short term or long term serious health illness that effect the employee to be off from work because they need to assist a family member, spouse pregnancy, or care of children. In the case it did not matter if Tony was his biological son or not. In the Family and Medical Leave Act there is a limit on the amount of sick and vacation time that can be used and it is apparently stated in this law. Also, if there is enough time they are allowed to by law. With a lot of companies they now used PTO days that include vacation and medical days at work that employees can use after six months or one year depending on the business. In was not specified in the video how long Tony had been employed with the company, as the request was for three weeks off. Under normal circumstances the business would ask foe a written request for the leave of absence or medial leave on the FMLA form. And the company would also like to have at least a two week notice in most causes so the employee would have time to get a substitute while Tony is out on leave. Explain whether the size of the business can have any effect on whether Tony is eligible for the family leave under the FMLA. Herman thinking and his thoughts was a concerned for the company, but the business size does not matter. Herman is utilizing Tony as a business prerequisite from medically taking care of his father that is in need of his assistance. This companies has more that enough employee that could cover Tony while on leave, though Herman shows concern about the sales of automobiles being sold due Tony absence. Herman main issues of Tony taking time off is because of the affect it will have on their business. Even more this makes Tony eligible for the FMLA during this time. (Halbert, Ingulli 2010) Explain whether Herman can or cannot imply that if Tony takes a leave of absence under the FMLA, he may not have a job when he returns. Herman cannot imply if Tony takes a leave under the FMLA, but he must make Tony aware that there is not guarantee that he will have a job when he is able to come back to work. This kind of action or treatment is not fair at all and the FMLA Act protects the employees if they are eligible to take a leave to assist their family of serious illness, to take care of newborn, or accommodate other family responsibilities. Because Tony is a valuable employee, one of the companies top auto salesman by word of mouth as number one marketing strategy. Herman has a great concerned, that he may not have another strong salesman that could fulfill the service like Tony provided for the company and to the customers (2010). Describe who is covered by the Family and Medical Act (FMLA) of 1993. The Family and Medical Act of 1993 were put into place to promote the stability and economic security of families as well as the nation’s interest in preserving the integrity of families. The Family and Medical Act applies to any employer in the private sector who employers 50 or more employees each working at least 20 calendar seeks in the current or preceding calendar year. This law covers all state, local governments, and local education agencies. Title II of FMLA covers most federal employees, who are subject to regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management. Also, the employer can not use the practice if forcing employees to behave in an involuntary manner such as threats or intimidation of their jobs should they chose to take a leave under the FMLA. (Halbert, Ingulli 2010). Explain the extent to which an employer can make his or her own determination as to the eligibility of an employee under the Family and Medical Leave Act. An employer determines the eligibility of the employees based on the annual worked hours by the employee. Human Resource also request that a written FMLA form is completed with end two weeks of the request leave. Should an employee have not been notified within a 30 day the employer can make a decision of eligibility, causing a deferral of the FMLA? In addition, an employer is providing medical certification which would prove the leave would clarify eligibility for leave. If there is reason to believe by the employee that the employer does not plan to return to work at the end of the leave the employee has the right to terminate the FMLA request. Employer also has the right to terminate the FMLA as well if there falsified information given by the employer. Halbert, Ingulli 2010). The Family and Medical Leave Act is a benefit for companies, employees and families in the place of work to allow ones job functions, and personal responsibilities to be taken into consideration. During the time of leave the employees receive an income and security doing the time off. Other benefits to employees is receiving aide from relatives in the time of need, and the organization have an advantage from yearly d ecrease in staff earnings, which will lower the preparation and employment costs, and improves the performances of the employees. There have been thousands of employees that have used the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and business programs of essential to developing effective impact reporting that is positive or concentrating on improving the performance of their employees, and allowing the employees to know that there are limitation in the law for exclusion of more than thirty percent of employees that do not meet the criteria for the leave, which would prevent the employees who meets the criteria from going on any leave due to there is no extra funding or budget to cover the cost. Halbert, Ingulli 2010). Conclusion In conclusion of the Family and Medical Leave Act the matter that a parent literally had nothing to do with a biological child in order for the child to take advantage of the law was enacted by the United States and requires large business to provide their employees with this coverage to protect the employment for family related issues such as a serious health illness or care of children. Secondly, this law is also effective with companies that employers that have at least 50 or more employees on staff. Thirdly, Herman cannot imply if Tony takes a leave under the FMLA, and in this law he must make Tony aware that there is not guarantee that he will have a job when he is able to come back to work. Fourth, in this case in the year 1993 the FMLA was presented to employers for employees that are eligible for the leave of absence and met the criteria required for the companies. And last we have explain the extent to which an employer can make his or her own determination as to the eligibility of an employee under the Family and Medical Leave Act when the hours worked in a year time, written notice submitted to human resource has been submitted in a timely manner and medical certification has been documented will allow the employee to have the time off on leave.

Emotional Intelligence Essay

Emotional Intelligence Essay An individual experiences varied emotions. Happiness, fear, anger, affection, shame, disgust, surprise, lust, sadness, elation, love, frustration, anxiety, failure, achievement, etc. are just e few emotions that affect our day to day activity. Satisfaction with the presentation of good work, exhilaration on achieving an accolade, the pride in helping a colleague, anger with not being recognized, frustration with the procrastination of recommendations suggested, anxiety about meeting deadlines are just a few emotions an individual feels at work. The human brain is programmed to respond to such emotions. This is when an individuals emotional intelligence comes into play, which helps them acknowledge their emotional instinct and guides them in acting in a rational manner (Management Checklists, 2002). The phrase emotional intelligence was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Salovey and the University of New Hampshires John Mayer in 1990 to describe qualities like understanding ones own feelings, empathy for the feelings of others and directing emotions in order to enhance life (Gibbs, 1995). They distinguished it from IQ, which determined whether people would be successful in school. The concept of emotional intelligence gained popularity through Daniel Golemans books on the topic. It focused on an array of non-cognitive abilities of people that help in adapting to the various aspects of life. Goleman stated that human competencies played a bigger role in determining success in life and workplace rather than cognitive intelligence. However, Mayer, Salovey and Goleman were not the first to recognise the significance of emotional intelligence because years before managers, educators, and other professionals, these attributes were more generic and colloquially termed as people skills ( Ruderman et al, 2001). According to Daniel Goleman (1998), Emotional Intelligence is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. Emotional intelligence describes abilities distinct from, but complementary to, academic intelligence. On the other hand, Dr. Dalip Singh (2003) provides an Indian perspective to emotional intelligence that states it as the ability of an individual to appropriately and successfully respond to a vast variety of emotional inputs being elicited from inner self and immediate environment. Emotional intelligence constitutes three psychological dimensions such as emotional competency, emotional maturity and emotional sensitivity, which motivate an individual to recognize truthfully, interpret honestly and handle tactfully the dynamics of human behaviour. Conceptualisation of Emotional Intelligence Anybody can become angry that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way that is not within everybodys power and is not easy. -Aristotle Figure 1: Conceptualisation of Emotional Intelligence (Salovey Mayer, 1990) Appraisal and Expression of Emotion Regulation of Emotion Utilisation of Emotion Self Other Verbal Nonverbal Nonverbal Perception Empathy In Self In Others Flexible Planning Motivation Redirected Attention Creative Thinking Emotional Intelligence There are varied studies based on emotional intelligence. Although, these studies are diverse, they are rooted more or less to a similar concept. Figure 1 demonstrates an outline of the basic concept of emotional intelligence, as described by Peter Salovey and John Mayer in their article Emotional Intelligence (1990). Framework of Emotional Intelligence Mind is very restless, forceful and strong, O Krishna, it is more difficult to control the mind than to control the wind -The Bhagvad Gita A Western Perspective: Figure 2: Components of Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman Emotional Intelligence Self Awareness Self Management Social Competence Relationship Management Emotional Self-Awareness Accurate Self-Assessment Self-Confidence Emotional Self-Control Transparency Adaptability Achievement Initiative Conscientious Empathy Organisational Awareness Service Orientation Developing Others Inspirational Leadership Change Catalyst Influence Conflict Management Teamwork and Collaboration Self-Awareness concerns knowing ones internal states, preferences, resources, and intuitions. The There are various frameworks on emotional intelligence. However, given below is a summary of Daniel Golemans framework, referred from his book The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (2001) and the Emotional Competence Inventory: Technical Manual (Wolff, 2005). Daniel Goleman in association with the Hay Group identified eighteen components of emotional intelligence that were grouped into four clusters. The four clusters are namely Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness, and Relationship Management. Self-Awareness: Self-Awareness is knowing what one feels and how it reflects on performance. The cluster contains three competencies. Emotional Awareness: It is important to identify and recognise ones own feelings and know how they affect ones performance. Self-Awareness is key to realizing ones own strengths and weaknesses. Accurate Self-Assessment: Is knowing ones strengths and limits. It is important for individuals to be aware of their abilities and limitations, seek out feedback and learn from their mistakes, and know where they need to improve and when to work with others who have complementary strengths Self-Confidence: It is a strong sense of ones self-worth and capabilities. Self-confidence is a positive trait that plays a large role in personal and professional success. Self-Management: Self-management refers to managing ones internal states, impulses, and resources. The Self-Management cluster contains six competencies: Emotional Self-Control: This involves keeping disruptive emotions and impulses in check. It is the absence of distress and disruptive feelings. Signs of this competence include being unfazed in stressful situations or dealing with a hostile person without lashing out in return. Employees who possess such virtues try to merge personal goals with organisational goal. Transparency: Is about maintaining integrity and acting congruently with ones values. Transparent individuals are forthright about their own mistakes and confront others about their lapses Adaptability: Flexibility in handling change is known as adaptability. This is one of the most important components presently. An individual needs to be open to new information and can let go of old assumptions and so adapt how they operate. This is very important for innovation and growth. Achievement: It is the drive in an individual, which strives to improve or meet standards of excellence. Optimism is a key ingredient of achievement because it can determine ones reaction to unfavourable events or circumstances; those with high achievement are proactive and persistent, have an optimistic attitude toward setbacks, and operate from hope of success. Initiative: It is the readiness to act on opportunities. It involves taking anticipatory action to avoid problems before they happen or taking advantage of opportunities before they are visible to anyone else. Individuals who lack Initiative are reactive rather than proactive, lacking the farsightedness that can make the critical difference between a wise decision and a poor one. Conscientious: It includes being careful, self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities It also involves persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks Social Awareness: Social awareness refers to how people handle relationships and awareness of others feelings, needs, and concerns. The Social Awareness cluster contains three competencies: Empathy: Empathy is sensing others feelings and perspectives, and taking an active interest in their concerns. Empathetic individual sense others emotions through facial expressions and non-verbal modes. This sensitivity to others is critical for superior job performance whenever the focus is on interactions with people. Organizational Awareness: It involves reading a groups emotional currents and power relationships. It is vital to the behind-the-scenes networking and coalition building that allows individuals to wield influence, no matter what their professional role. Service Orientation: Service orientation is about anticipating, recognizing, and meeting customers needs. This empathetic strategy talks about a long-term perspective that involves trading off immediate gains in order to preserve customer relationships. Relationship Management: Relationship management concerns the skill or adeptness at inducing desirable responses in others. It includes social skills. The Relationship Management cluster contains six competencies. Developing Others: This component involves sensing others development needs and bolstering their abilities. It is a talent of not just of excellent coaches and mentors, but also outstanding leaders. It is not only crucial for front-line managers but also vital for leadership at top levels. Inspirational Leadership: This component is about inspiring and guiding individuals and groups. It draws on a range of personal skills to inspire others, in order to achieve common goals. Outstanding leadership integrates emotional realities and install them with meaning and resonance Change Catalyst: Initiating or managing change is known as change catalyst. Employees must be able to recognize the need for change, remove barriers, challenge the status quo, and enlist others in pursuit of new initiatives. Influence: Influence is wielding effective tactics for persuasion. The influence can be in forms of persuasion strategies, impression management, dramatic arguments or actions, and appeals to reason. Employees must sense others reactions and alter their own responses such that it diverts interaction in the best direction. Conflict Management: Conflict management is all about negotiating and resolving disagreements. Listening and empathizing are crucial to this skill. Difficult situations need to be dealt with diplomacy, encouraging debate and open discussion, and thus coordinate a symbiotic situation. Teamwork Collaboration: It is about working with others toward shared goals. It involves creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals. Teamwork itself depends on the collective EI of its member. An Indian Perspective: Figure 3: Component of Emotional Intelligence by Dr. Dalip Singh Emotional Intelligence Emotional Competency Emotional Maturity Emotional Sensitivity Tackling Emotional Upsets High Self Esteem Tactful Response to Emotional Stimuli Handling Egoism Self Awareness Developing Others Delaying Gratification Adaptability and Flexibility Understanding the Threshold of Emotional Arousal Empathy Improving Interpersonal Relationships Communicability of Emotions In his book Emotional Intelligence at Work (2006), Dr Dalip Singh provides an Indian framework of emotional intelligence. He states that emotional intelligence is constituted of 3 psychological dimensions- emotional competency, emotional maturity and emotional sensitivity. Emotional Competency: It is the capacity of an individual to tactfully respond to emotional stimuli, have high self-esteem, tackle emotional upsets, manage ego, and therefore be able to enjoy emotions, relate to others; have emotional self-control and thus succeed as an individual. Tackling emotional upsets: Frustration, inferiority complexes, stress, exhaustion, fear, anger, sadness, conflicts, etc. poses as hindrances. By managing and channelizing these emotions in a positive manner, is being emotionally competent. High Self-Esteem: Having high self-esteem can help deal with criticism and challenges. Optimism is one such way of boosting self esteem. This helps perceive challenges and criticism as learning opportunities and increases confidence, which results in individual growth and improvement. Tactful Response to Emotional Stimuli: This means being creative and practical towards emotions, which are caused because of the self, and the external environment. An emotionally intelligent employee will try to manipulate the ongoing environment to his/her advantage by reacting appropriately. Handling Egoism: All emotional conduct is bound by self-interest. By being egoistic, one may have problems in interpersonal relationships. Taking initiative to sort out an issue based on ego is a sign of emotional competence. Emotional Maturity: The ability of an individual to evaluate emotions of self and others, develop others, delay gratification of immediate psychological satisfaction; and be adaptable and flexible. Self-Awareness: It involves recognition of emotions and identifying them as strengths and weaknesses. This enables an individual to help identify emotions in others as well, thus improving effectiveness of interpersonal relationships. Developing Others: By recognising the ability of other individuals, one may involve other peers in projects, etc. and thus produce an enhanced level of activity. Delaying Gratification: By exhibiting patience and learning to control emotions, one can delay gratification. This helps in judging how to handle the situation more effectively without being rash. Adaptability and Flexibility: Knowing when and how to make decisions are essential emotional skills. Adapting to the situation in accordance is extremely important. It is also very important to be flexible during various situations Emotional Sensitivity: Sensitivity is ability to respond to affective changes in your interpersonal environment. Emotional sensitivity constitutes understanding the threshold of emotional arousal, managing the immediate environment and creating a comfortable environment within a group. Understanding the Threshold of Emotion Arousal: It is important to understand the relationship between feelings and action. One must understand the cause behind the emotion. Empathy: Empathy is the ability to sense the feelings of others. It helps share and accept another persons feelings. By having empathy one can distinguish between own personal judgements and reactions and the emotions of others. Improving Interpersonal Relations: By developing interpersonal relations, a positive environment is created. To build such an ambience one must inculcate trust, confidence and reliance. This leads to success in a workplace. Communicability of Emotions: It is important to communicate emotions. It is vital to communicate emotions with confidence and self-respect. Negative emotions can convey pessimism, bitterness suspicion and inferiority therefore, it is important to communicate emotions positively. A Spiritual Perspective of Emotional Intelligence from the Bhagvad Gita Emotions are reflective of a societys weakness and strengths and can be disruptive and interfering when displayed at a wrong time. However, when expressed constructively it can play a role in organisational effectiveness. The ancient sacred teachings of the Bhagvad Gita can enlighten an employee to identify, interpret and apply emotions in their personal and professional life. Hinduism advocates that a man should first seek wisdom and thereafter pursue material ambition. In order to achieve self-realisation, one must have perfect emotional self-control. The Indian scriptures state that our senses are like wild horses, the body its chariot and the mind its reins. Intellect is the driver. The Atman is the Lord of the chariot. If the senses are not kept under proper control, they will throw this chariot into a deep abyss. He/she who keeps the reins firm and drives this chariot intelligently by controlling the horses (senses) will reach the destination (Moksha or the Abode of Eternal Bliss) safely. The Gita states that renunciation should be a goal of an individual, but renunciation does not imply on shrugging off any duties to society. It further states that work that gives peace and joy is right and which brings depression and restlessness in wrong. An individual with high emotional intelligence can judge right from wrong. Present day life makes it convenient for people to suppress and avoid emotions but it is important to connect with these emotions, but if emotions are strangers to people, they will not enjoy a rich and satisfying life. Connecting to emotions brings a state wholeness to mind and body and this state is known as emotionally competent. In order to achieve harmony at a workplace and elsewhere, the Bhagvad Gita identifies the following areas on: how to succeed how to resolve conflicts jealousy- its origin and fallout standing for righteousness (dharma) believing in the path of action (karma) tackling emotional upsets effectively How to succeed: The concept of emotional intelligence and its role in success has been explained in the Gita. It states that there are two paths to success in life- knowledge and desire. Knowledge is the rational mind while desire is the emotional mind. Knowledge helps distinguish between fact and fantasy. Desire is the cause of bondage and the mind must control the desire for objects of pleasure under control. The rational mind faces the object and this is known as the objective mind (Manas in Sanskrit). Modern day psychologists term it as IQ. Desire on the other hand is an emotional response to the immediate environment and drives a person to satisfy the desire. With desire comes attachment, with which comes passion, with which comes desire again. When desire is not fulfilled, it induces anger. Anger causes loss of memory and loss of memory, which causes loss of wisdom n brings ruin. Therefore, one must not desire for world pleasures and suppress their desires. The inner mind is called the subject ive mind (Buddhi in Sanskrit) and modern day termed as EQ. In fact, it hints that IQ superior than EQ, contrary to modern philosophy. However, this may be interpreted by saying that certain emotions lead us to depression, anger, jealousy and the wrong path, which should be suppressed, while contrasting emotions lead us to harmony and self-esteem and should be encouraged. Emotions therefore need to be harnessed and directed so that the mind and therefore the individual finds peace. In such an individual, the objective (IQ) and the subjective mind (EQ) are in unison and the mind is disciplined. Nevertheless, recent research shows that EQ plays a more dominant role in attaining success than IQ. The Gita also defines emotions based on the concept of the 3 moods (Gunas), which are Unactivity (Sattwa- perfect purity), Activity (Rajas- dusky colour) and Inactivity (Tamas- foul darkness). The mind is in Sattwa, it is purified from all Rajas and Tamas and the individual experiences inner peace and happiness. These moods are in different proportions in individuals and reflect different personalities. For e.g. an employee with heavy Tamas (low EI) will be detrimental for the organisation and therefore should learn to be emotional sensitive in recognising the ongoing environment, which will help discard wrong impulses and attain righteous behaviour. How to resolve conflict: The background of the Bhagvad Gita is flooded with conflict. Arjuna has to fight his kinsmen for justice. This brings a feeling of grave depression, dejection and fear to Arjuna and he begins to tremble with anxiety. In such an emotionally charged setting, his emotions and his concepts of duty confuse him and he decides to quit. He turns to Lord Krishna who tells him that disgrace would fall upon him if he ran away from the battlefield. Krishna motivates Arjuna to get up and fight and made him realise his inner strengths and competences so that he could walk the righteous path. Arjuna then acted emotionally intelligent by fighting the war inspite of his emotional bonding with his enemies. He was firm with conviction and displayed emotional maturity. He proved that being emotional does not indicate weakness. In the same way, employees can re-energise themselves when they are de-motivated because of conflict. The Gita epitomises the mental conflicts and dilemmas of individuals with a p urpose and their resolution that leads to affirmative action. Everyday, employees of an organisation face emotional and mental conflict in their workplace. The Gita offers a message for practical living one of philosophical sublimation and mental transcendence. Jealousy- Its origin and fallout: Jealousy is an omnipresent emotion that condemns rationality and encourages feeling of aggression, dejection and inferiority. Negative emotions like jealousy also help re-energises a de-motivated mind. The Mahabharata has an array of instances of jealousy. Dronacharya favoured Arjuna over the other Pandavas and Kauravas because of his perseverance and skill at archery. This made Duryodhana jealous and ill feelings for the Pandavas grew in his heart. Duryodhana fell victim to this jealousy and laid out evil plots for the Pandavas which eventually led to the Mahabharat. The story highlights that emotions jealous brings about emotions like hate, revenge, fear, anger, apprehension, shock, depression on one hand and dedication, concentration and motivation on the other. Jealous brings about feelings of inferiority and ego in employees and if not handled in time, may manifest into aggression, hate and revenge. Secret hatred turns into bitterness, says the Gita. Jealousy develops when individuals feel they are criticised unfairly. Emotional competence negates the impact of jealousy, emotional maturity does not allow negativity to develop and emotional sensitivity helps understand the threshold of the emotion and appropriate response to it. Nonetheless, jealousy can be harness to facilitate healthy competition and personal growth. Employees must practice to create positive relations with each other. This will also help become ethical. Peacefulness and selflessness build a mature and tranquil personality. Stand for righteousness (Dharma): Dharma is a system of morality, duty, charity, etc. Human beings are expected to follow Dharma till their last breath. The infamous game of dice in the Mahabharata, where the Kauravas disrobed and insulted Draupadi in front of a full assembly, after she was lost to them in a game of dice, tells us a tale on Dharma. It is observed that powerful characters of the Mahabharata- Bhishma, Dhornacharya and Vidura failed to protect their Dharma in the event of adversity. They stayed silent as the Kauravas committed atrocities on Draupadi. The argument of Bhishma being bound to the throne and Dhronacharya and Vidura duties toward King Dhritarashtra is weak. The ill treatment of Draupadi, is symbolic of the insecurities of women in todays society and the silence of Bhishma, Vidura and Dhronacharya shows the inability of individuals to manage their emotions and stand up for righteousness. In todays world, it is not common to see straightforward employees keep silent about irregularities and misconduct in a business. They succumb to such situations and fail to stand up for a righteous cause. By following the righteous path, one will display emotional sensitivity toward social evils and emotional maturity in standing up to them. This would be an emotionally intelligent response. Believing in the path of action (Karma): Karma is the belief in which, a persons fate is determined according to his deeds. Karma states that as you sow, so do you reap. The Bhagvad Gita preaches Karma Yoga (duties towards nations, organizations, family, etc). Karma in modern management can be interpreted as doing the right thing at the right time. Lord Krishna tells Arjuna, , Your only duty is to act (right to work) and not to hanker after the fruits (or the results) thereof. Neither the purpose of your actions nor the work should bind and blind you. To work is to worship with total non-attachment and selfless attitude. Krishna also tells him, Action is better than inaction. Without action, no one can survive. Respond in such a way that it does not bind but frees one from ignorance. Do all work as worship to God. Do everything to the best of your ability; suited to your ongoing environment. An emotional intelligent employee would interpret his emotions and follow the path of action. Excessive emotions like lust, greed and jealousy are bad karma. A manager who learns appropriate emotions is emotionally intelligent. Every action produces an emotional effect. Emotion is a motivating factor. Karma affects individuals and their external environment. An employee with good karma increases productivity at workplace and satisfaction of personal life. Being habituated to good karma an individual will strengthen the ability too cope with a situation. To be emotionally competent one must follow the path that is emotionally, spiritually and practically beneficial to humanity. Tackling emotional upsets effectively: Emotional upheaval affects productivity, effectiveness and self-image in both personal and professional life. When in exile, Draupadi is upset about the misconduct inflicted on her by the Kauravas and opens her heart to Lord Krishna. In response, she is told to be patient, optimistic and focused towards her aim, in order to enjoy the fruits in the future. It is important for employees to delay instant gratification of reacting to situations and respond when the environment is favourable. The Gita also sermonizes on dealing with stress. Stress is the cause of built up emotions and the apparent inability to meet challenges. The Bhagvad Gita says that stress is born when goals are made without keeping in mind capability and capacity, thinking that one is solely responsible for achieving the goal and by perceiving that without the result life would not be worth living. It says that great intelligence is needed to achieve a goal. Knowing ones inner-self will help eliminate selfish and egocentric existence and respond appropriate to situations. Pent up emotions must be expressed in a healthy environment. It is very important to express emotions. Good and bad experiences are important in order to understand life. With contrasting emotions like joy and sorrow, revenge and forgiveness, friendship and enmity one needs to strike a balance in expressing them. By learning to do so, the Gita indirectly directs individuals to be emotional intelligent. Emotions can be so overwhelming that it may take over human cognition and incognition. This is detrimental. The Bhagvad Gita thus guides employees to manage these emotions. If only we would confess Our Sins, Our Fears, Our Disagreements, Our Delusions, Our Weaknesses, etc., we could be cleansed from all unrighteousness. Such a situation maybe described as being emotionally intelligent in modern times. Emotional Intelligence Test There are various test to measure emotional intelligence. Given below are a few that are more popularly used: EI Measure Type Theoretical Framework EI Dimensions and Scale Mayer-Salovey- Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) Self-report questionnaire referenced against expert and consensus opinion Salovey Mayer (1990, 1997) Perception, appraisal, and expression of emotion Emotional facilitation of thinking Understanding and analysing emotional information Regulation and management of emotion Emotional Competence Inventory, Version 2 (ECI-2) Self-report questionnaire Goleman, (1995, 1998) Boyatzis, Goleman, Rhee (1999) Self-awareness Self-management Social awareness Social skills Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) Self-report questionnaire Bar-On (1997) Intrapersonal Interpersonal Adaptation Stress management General mood Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ) Self-report questionnaire Dulewicz Higgs (1999, 2000) Self-awareness Emotional resilience Motivation Interpersonal sensitivity Influence Intuitiveness Conscientiousness Figure 4: Measures of Emotional Intelligence and Characteristics (McEnrue Groves, 2006) Emotional Intelligence in an Organisation A study conducted by TalentSmart in 2009, shows the link between emotional intelligence and job performance. The studied showed that: Emotional Intelligence alone explains 58% of a leaders job performance. 90% of top performers are high in emotional intelligence. Just 20% of low performers are high in emotional intelligence Various other studies highlight the importance of emotional intelligence in an organisation. Employees who have higher levels of emotional intelligence are associated with better performance. Research conducted by the Centre for Creative Leadership shows that emotionally intelligent employees have the following traits: Participative Management: It is important to build relationship skills in organizations and encourage value interdependency within and between groups. Participative management has the largest number of meaningful correlations with measures of emotional intelligence. Employees who are good listeners and consult others for their input before implementing change are likely to be assessed as good co-operators. They are able to find pleasure in life, able to foster relationships, control impulses, and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others. Putting People at Ease: Emotionally intelligent employees make others relaxed and comfortable in their presence. Putting people at ease is related to impulse control, which is the ability to delay gratification. Being able to behaviourally put people at ease has to do with controlling ones own impulses and emotions. Putting people at ease is related to happiness, suggesting that an individuals temperament is related to how comfortable people are around them. Self-Awareness: Emotionally intelligent employees have an accurate understanding of their strengths and weaknesses are thus are self-aware individuals. Self-awareness is related to impulse control and stress tolerance. An emotional outburst is not a characteristic of self-awareness. Others may draw conclusions about self-awareness from how one deals with difficult and challenging situations. Anxiousness interprets lack in self-awareness. Balance between Personal Life and Work: Emotionally intelligent employees know how to prioritise activities in their personal and professional life such that neither is neglected. Such employees reflect social responsibility, impulse control, and empathy. They give the impression that they are balanced, able to contribute to a group, control their impulses, and understand the emotions of others. Straightforwardness and Composure: Emotionally intelligent